Table 2.
Comparison of the primary and secondary outcomes by groups.
| Outcomes | After 12 weeks | Change from the baseline | Adjusted group difference in mean change over 12 weeks† | F† | P† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control* n = 30 | Intervention* n = 30 | Control* n = 30 | Intervention* n = 30 | |||||||||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |||
| Primary outcome | ||||||||||||
| Barthel Index score | 70.8 | 66.1–72.7 | 81.8 | 78.4–85.3 | 6.3 | 2.3–10.4 | 9.5 | 3.9–15.1 | 6.8 | 1.4–12.1 | 6.440 | 0.014 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||||||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.40 | 0.35–0.46 | 0.54 | 0.49–0.61 | 0.05 | 0.02–0.07 | 0.12 | 0.06–0.18 | 0.07 | 0.01–0.14 | 4.347 | 0.042 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 16.3 | 14.0–18.7 | 20.5 | 18.1–23.0 | 1.5 | 0.8–2.2 | 4.3 | 2.1–6.4 | 3.3 | 0.7–5.9 | 6.626 | 0.013 |
| SPPB score | 4.6 | 4.0–5.2 | 6.6 | 5.7–7.5 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.2 | 2.3 | 1.3–3.3 | 1.6 | 0.5–2.8 | 8.396 | 0.006 |
| Berg balance score | 22.0 | 18.1–25.9 | 31.3 | 26.0–36.5 | 4.3 | 2.0–6.6 | 10.4 | 4.9–16.0 | 6.7 | − 0.4–14.0 | 3.649 | 0.062 |
| TUG score | 31.7 | 25.4–37.9 | 18.5 | 16.1–20.9 | − 8.5 | − 22.1–5.2 | − 4.7 | − 8.7–− 0.8 | 2.0 | − 14.8–18.8 | 0.056 | 0.813 |
| MRMI score | 29.4 | 27.2–31.7 | 34.6 | 33.0–36.2 | 0.8 | − 0.2–1.8 | 4.2 | 1.9–6.5 | 3.1 | 0.6–5.7 | 6.310 | 0.015 |
CI confidential interval, MRMI modified Rivermead Mobility Index, SPPB short physical performance test, TUG timed up to go test.
*Patients in the intervention group received balance and resistance training; while patients in the control group received resistance training. Patients in both groups also received personalized oral nutrition supplements and standard care.
†Between group change by analysis of covariates (adjusted for baseline, age, sex, education level, comorbidities, and nutrition status).