Table 1.

Clinical and demographic characteristics.

Characteristics	Discovery sample			Replication sample
	Patients (n = 91)	HCs (n = 225)	p-values	Patients (n = 34)	HCs (n = 25)	p-values
Age (years)	36.86 ± 11.51	39.46 ± 15.88	0.47a	31.21 ± 8.90	27.56 ± 7.07	0.09a
Gender (female/male)	62/29	148/77	0.69b	23/11	20/5	0.29b
Education (years)	12.51 ± 3.68	13.03 ± 3.92	0.06a	12.91 ± 3.21	14.40 ± 2.57	0.06c
Duration of illness (months)	29.55 ± 41.52	NA	NA	29.69 ± 38.51	NA	NA
HAMD score	22.30 ± 3.96	NA	NA	22.76 ± 5.95	NA	NA

HC healthy controls, HAMD 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale, NA not available.

Values were mean ± standard deviation (SD).

^aMann–Whitney U test

^bChi-square test.

^cTwo-sample t-tests.