Table 3.
Bivariate analyses between vitamin D levels during pregnancy per trimester and neurodevelopmental offspring data.
| ANOVA 1 | ANOVA 2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <20 nmol/L a | <30 nmol/L b | 30–50 nmol/L c | >50 nmol/L d | p | Bonferroni | p | Bonferroni | |||||
| First trimester of pregnancy vitamin D levels, n(%) | 181 (22.8) | 398 (50.2) | 240 (30.3) | 155 (19.5) | ||||||||
| BSID-III (scores) | ||||||||||||
| Cognitive scale | 101.1 | (7.6) | 100.9 | (8.1) | 101.8 | (9.8) | 103.9 | (8.3) | 0.029 | 0.024 bd | 0.068 | |
| Language scale | 93.5 | (9.3) | 95.2 | (8.4) | 97.2 | (8.2) | 96.9 | (8.5) | 0.079 | 0.019 | 0.015 ac | |
| Receptive | 10.1 | (2.3) | 10.4 | (2.1) | 11.0 | (2.0) | 10.6 | (2.2) | 0.056 | 0.030 | 0.018 ac | |
| Expressive | 7.7 | (1.5) | 7.9 | (1.5) | 8.1 | (1.7) | 8.4 | (1.5) | 0.095 | 0.049 | 0.031 ad | |
| Motor scale | 107.3 | (10.8) | 107.6 | (11.0) | 108.1 | (12.6) | 108.0 | (10.8) | 0.904 | 0.963 | ||
| Fine | 11.3 | (1.8) | 11.4 | (1.9) | 11.7 | (2.0) | 11.4 | (1.9) | 0.404 | 0.540 | ||
| Gross | 11.1 | (2.6) | 11.1 | (2.4) | 11.2 | (2.0) | 11.2 | (2.5) | 0.827 | 0.919 | ||
| Third trimester of pregnancy vitamin D levels, n(%) | 188 (23.7) | 394 (49.7) | 263 (33.2) | 136 (17.2) | ||||||||
| BSID-III (scores) | ||||||||||||
| Cognitive scale | 101.7 | (7.2) | 101.6 | (8.4) | 101.7 | (9.5) | 102.8 | (8.4) | 0.577 | 0.776 | ||
| Language scale | 94.9 | (8.8) | 95.8 | (8.2) | 96.5 | (8.5) | 96.7 | (8.8) | 0.611 | 0.470 | ||
| Receptive | 10.2 | (2.2) | 10.5 | (2.1) | 10,8 | (2.0) | 10.6 | (2.3) | 0.537 | 0.258 | ||
| Expressive | 8.0 | (1.6) | 8.0 | (1.5) | 8.0 | (1.7) | 8.2 | (1.6) | 0.637 | 0.815 | ||
| Motor scale | 105.8 | (14.4) | 107.3 | (12.1) | 108.1 | (10.8) | 108.9 | (11.4) | 0.566 | 0.341 | ||
| Fine | 11.2 | (1.9) | 11.4 | (2.0) | 11.6 | (1.9) | 11.5 | (1.9) | 0.592 | 0.407 | ||
| Gross | 11.1 | (2.3) | 11.1 | (2.2) | 11.0 | (2.3) | 11.4 | (2.5) | 0.502 | 0.703 | ||
BSID-III: Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III. ANOVA 1: comparisons between <30 nmol/L, 30–50 nmol/L, >50 nmol/L. ANOVA 2: comparisons between <20 nmol/L, 20–30 nmol/L, 30–50 nmol/L, >50 nmol/L; bd; ac; ad: Differences between groups.