Table 6.
Multiple linear regression models to explore the relationship between vitamin D during pregnancy (first and third trimester) and the Bayle Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) motor scores at 40 days postpartum.
| CRITERIA: Fine motor score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IOM Levels | First Trimester of Pregnancy | Third Trimester of Pregnancy | <20 nmol/L Levels | First Trimester of Pregnancy | Third Trimester of Pregnancy |
| Unadjusted Models | Beta p |
Beta p |
Beta p |
Beta p |
|
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. 30–50 nmol/L) | 0.041 0.001 |
−0.012 0.869 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. 20–50 nmol/L) | 0.055 0.428 |
0.126 0.155 |
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.016 0.466 |
0.013 0.860 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. >50 nmol/L) | 0.004 0.950 |
0.100 0.259 |
| R2c*100 = −0.3% | R2c*100 = −0.9% | R2c*100 = −0.3% | R2c*100 = 0% | ||
| F2.364 = 0.444 | F2.222 = 0.049 | F2.364 = 0.493 | F2.222 = 1.054 | ||
| p = 0.642 | p = 0.952 | p = 0.611 | p = 0.350 | ||
| Adjusted models | |||||
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. 30–50 nmol/L) | 0.061 0.276 |
−0.034 0.641 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. 20–50 nmol/L) | 0.048 0.481 |
|
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.005 0.924 |
−0.012 0.869 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. >50 nmol/L) | 0.006 0.927 |
|
| rMED first trimester | 0.152 0.004 |
rMED first trimster | 0.138 0.009 |
||
| Gestational age | 0.113 0.029 |
Gestational age | 0.117 0.025 |
||
| Tobacco use | 0.104 0.045 |
R2c*100 = 2.3% | |||
| Gender | 0.158 0.020 |
F4.364 = 3.124 | |||
| Socioeconomic level | −0.145 0.032 |
p = 0.015 | |||
| R2c*100 = 3.2% | R2c*100 = 2.2% | ||||
| F5.364 = 3.436 | F4.222 = 2.263 | ||||
| p = 0.005 | p = 0.063 | ||||
| CRITERIA: Gross motor score | |||||
| IOM levels | First trimester of pregnancy | Third trimester of pregnancy | <20 nmol/L levels | ||
| Unadjusted models | Beta p |
Beta p |
|||
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. 30–50 nmol/L) | 0.014 0.802 |
−0.029 0.695 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. 20–50 nmol/L) | 0.015 0.827 |
0.129 0.144 |
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.015 0.788 |
0.056 0.448 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.011 0.877 |
0.151 0.087 |
| R2c*100 = −0.5% | R2c*100 = −0.4% | R2c*100 = −0.5% | R2c*100 = 0.5% | ||
| F2.364 = 0.107 | F2.222 = 0.582 | F2.364 = 0.100 | F2.222 = 1.581 | ||
| p = 0.898 | p = 0.560 | p = 0.905 | p = 0.208 | ||
| Adjusted models | |||||
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. 30–50 nmol/L) | 0.021 0.711 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. 20–50 nmol/L) | 0.013 0.848 |
||
| Vitamin D (<30 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.027 0.633 |
Vitamin D (<20 vs. >50 nmol/L) | −0.026 0.705 |
||
| Gestational age | 0.130 0.013 |
Gestational age | 0.130 0.013 |
||
| Tobacco use | 0.112 0.033 |
Tobacco use | 0.111 0.034 |
||
| R2c*100 = 2.0% | R2c*100 = 2.0% | ||||
| F4.364 = 2.903 | F4.364 = 2.877 | ||||
| p = 0.022 | p = 0.023 |
Models adjusted for the following variables: vitamin D levels (first or third trimester); mother’s age (years), family socioeconomic level (score), tobacco consumption (yes/no), type of feeding (formula/breastfeeding), gestational age at birth (weeks), type of delivery (eutocic/dystocic), child’s gender (0: boy/1: girl), mother–child interaction score, mother anxiety state score (first or third trimester), ferritin levels (μg/mL) (first or third trimester), folates (μg/mL), B12 vitamin levels (μg/mL) (first or third trimester), and diet quality (first or third trimester). The models for the third trimester were adjusted for first trimester vitamin D levels.