Fig. 6. Quantities of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) for diverse treatments.

Quantities of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana (a) and Solanum lycopersicum (b) at 35 days post inoculation detected using RT-PCR. TYLCV was inoculated 7 days after foliar application with either H2O, mixed pDNA (mixed with pDNA1, pDNA2, and pDNA3), layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets, or mixed pDNA–LDH (mixed with pDNA1–LDH, pDNA2–LDH, and pDNA3–LDH). Each treatment had 60 replicates. Leaf DNA was extracted from mixed leaves collected from the top, middle, and bottom of each plant. The bars on each column represent standard deviations. Values (means ± SEs) are the averages of three independent experiments, and significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among treatments in each group are indicated by different letters