Table 2.
Loci with desirable alleles discovered and/or validated and DNA tests developed through RosBREED efforts, including international collaborations.
| Crop | Trait | Loci with desirable alleles discovered and/or validated; DNA test developed |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit quality | ||
| Apple | Fruit texture (ethylene) | Validated, MdACS1 (LG15)85,86; DNA test89 |
| Fruit texture (ethylene) | Validated, MdACO1 (LG10)85,86; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit texture (firmness) | Validated, MdPG1 (LG10)87; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit texture (firmness) | Validated, MdExp7 (LG1)196; DNA test196 | |
| Fruit texture (crispness) | Validated, Ma197; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit acidity | Validated, Ma + Ma3 (LG16 + LG8)94; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit sweetness | Validated, Md-LG1Fru (LG1)198; DNA test89 | |
| Bitter pit susceptibility | Validated, Bp1 (LG16)199; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit skin blush | Validated, Rf (LG9)200; DNA test89 | |
| Fruit flesh color | Validated, MYB110 (LG17)88,201,202; DNA test88 | |
| Soft scald | Discovered, “Honeycrisp” source (LG2 & 12)95 | |
| Peach | Fruit skin blush | Validated, Rf (LG3)203; DNA test203 |
| Fruit acidity/flavor | Validated, D (LG5)103,204 and flavor (LG7)205 | |
| Peach vs. nectarine | Validated, G (LG5)102; DNA test102 | |
| Yellow vs. white flesh | Validated, Y (LG1)101 | |
| Fruit texture types | Validated, F-M and “SMF” (LG4)100,206,207; DNA test (K. Gasic, pers. comm.) | |
| Fruit sweetness | Validated, (LG4)104,208 | |
| Fruit size | Validated, (LG4)105, (LG6)106 | |
| Strawberry | Fruity aroma | Validated, FaFAD1 (LG3B)117; DNA test125 |
| Fruit sherry aroma | Validated, FaOMT119; DNA test119 | |
| Fruit sweetness | Discovered, QTL116 | |
| Fruit pH | Discovered, QTL116 | |
| Fruit acidity | Discovered, QTL116 | |
| Sweet cherry | Fruit size | Validated, FW_G2 (LG2)166; DNA test136 |
| Fruit color type | Validated, Rf (LG3)134; DNA test167 | |
| Fruit firmness | Discovered, qP-FF4.1 (LG4)138 | |
| Fruit sweetness | Discovered, (LG2) (C. Peace, pers. comm.) | |
| Sour cherry | Fruit flesh color | Validated, MYB10 (LG3)135; DNA test135 |
| Blackberry | Fruit sweetness | Discovered, qSSC-Ruh-ch1.1152; DNA test152 |
| Disease resistances and physiological disorders | ||
| Apple | Blue mold | Discovered, M. sieversii PI source (LG3)98; DNA test157 |
| Powdery mildew—foliar | Validated, “White Angel” source (LG8)90; DNA test209 | |
| Scab | Validated, M. floribunda source (LG1)91; DNA tests89 | |
| Scab | Discovered, “Honeycrisp” & “Wildung” sources (LG1, LG15)210 | |
| Scab | Validated, R12704-7A source, Rvi2 (=Vh2)211; Rvi4 (=Vh4)211; DNA tests89,92 | |
| Scab | Discovered, M. sieversii source, Rvi8 (=Vh8)93; DNA test93 | |
| Fire blight | Validated, “Cox’s Orange Pippin” source (LG7)212 | |
| Fire blight | Validated, “Splendour” (LG5) source99 | |
| Fire blight | Discovered and/or validated, various sources (LG6, 7, 15) (S. Kostick, pers. comm.) | |
| Zonal leaf chlorosis | Discovered, “Honeycrisp” source (LG9)97 | |
| Peach | Bacterial spot—fruit | Discovered, “Clayton” source (LG1 & 6)112,213; validated, DNA test164 |
| Strawberry | Fruit & crown rot | Validated, FaRCa1 (LB6B)121; DNA test214 |
| Crown rot | Discovered, FaRCg1 (LG6B)122; DNA test122 | |
| Root & crown rot | Validated, FaRPc2 (LG7D)123; DNA test126 | |
| Red stele | Validated Rpf1215; DNA test216 | |
| Angular leaf spot | Validated, FaRXf1 (LG6D)124; DNA tests124,127 | |
| Sweet cherry | Powdery mildew—fruit & foliar | Discovered (fruit), validated (leaf), Pmr1 (LG5) (C. Peace, pers. comm.); DNA test (C. Peace, pers. comm.) |
| Sour cherry | Cherry leaf spot | Discovered, (LG4)139; DNA test139 |
| Pear | Fire blight | Validated, “Moonglow” (LG2) source147 |
| Fire blight | Discovered, “Old Home” source (LG2)147 | |
| Fire blight | Discovered, (LG2)147 | |
| Rose | Black spot | Discovered, Rdr4 (LG5-1)82 |
| Black spot | Mapped, Rdr3 (LG6-2)83; DNA test83 | |
| Black spot | Discovered, partial resistance (LG3)145 | |
| Phenology and productivity | ||
| Apple | Cross-compatibility | DNA test, S (LG17)217 |
| Peach | Bloom timing | Validated, (LG1, LG4, LG7)104,218,219 |
| Maturity timing | Validated, G4Mat (LG4)104,108; DNA test developed (K. Gasic, pers. comm.) | |
| Strawberry | Perpetual flowering | Validated, FaPFRU (LG4A)115; sub-genome localization116; DNA test validation128 |
| Sweet cherry | Self-compatibility | DNA test, S (LG6, S4, allele)132 |
| Cross-compatibility | DNA test, S (LG6)130 | |
| Bloom timing | Discovered, (LG1)140 | |
| Sour cherry | Bloom timing | Validated, (LG4)78 |
Traits types are fruit quality, disease resistances, and physiological disorders, phenology, and productivity.