Table 2.
Baseline hemodynamic and echocardiographic data of survivors and nonsurvivors at the onset of septic shock (day 1).
| Survivors (n = 51) | Nonsurvivors (n = 39) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamic parameters | |||
| HR (beat/min) | 99.0 ± 17.3 | 106.8 ± 19.7 | 0.233 |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.6 ± 12.1 | 67.9 ± 9.9 | 0.006∗ |
| CVP (mmHg) | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 6.9 ± 3.0 | 0.296 |
| Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min) | 0.32 ± 0.30 | 0.47 ± 0.53 | 0.218 |
| Conventional echocardiography | |||
| LVEDV (mL) | 101.2 ± 36.7 | 96.5 ± 32.3 | 0.529 |
| LVESV (mL) | 37.0 ± 17.0 | 36.0 ± 16.1 | 0.771 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 46.1 ± 7.1 | 45.1 ± 6.9 | 0.530 |
| LVESD (mm) | 30.0 ± 5.4 | 29.6 ± 5.6 | 0.764 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.1 ± 9.6 | 56.9 ± 10.3 | 0.317 |
| FS (%) | 34.9 ± 5.6 | 34.5 ± 6.2 | 0.751 |
| LVOT | 20.2 ± 1.7 | 19.8 ± 1.7 | 0.261 |
| VTI (mm) | 19.9 ± 3.5 | 17.8 ± 4.3 | 0.018 |
| CO (L/min) | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 0.619 |
| Speckle tracking echocardiography | |||
| LS-A4C (%) | −15.7 ± 2.9 | −12.8 ± 3.1 | <0.001∗ |
| LS-A2C (%) | −15.5 ± 3.4 | −12.8 ± 3.9 | 0.001∗ |
| LS-A3C (%) | −16.3 ± 3.3 | −13.7 ± 3.7 | 0.001∗ |
| GLS (%) | −5.8 ± 2.9 | −13.1 ± 3.3 | <0.001∗ |
| GLS > −14.1% | 8 (15.6%) | 26 (66.7%) | <0.001∗ |
Data are presented as means ± SD. A3C: apical 3-chamber view; A4C: apical 4-chamber view; A2C: apical 2-chamber view; CO: cardiac output; CVP: central venous pressure; GLS: global longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; FS: fractional shortening; LS: longitudinal strain; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LOVT: left ventricular outflow tract; HR: heart rate; VTI: velocity-time integral. ∗p < 0.05.