Table 3.
Top 10 diseases/conditions included in clinical studies on Baduanjin.
| Disease/Condition | Study design (number of studies) | Total (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR∗ | RCT | CCS | CS | CR | ||
| Diabetes | 6 | 79 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 97 (12.0) |
| COPD | 4 | 54 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 61 (7.5) |
| Hypertension | 6 | 35 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 48 (5.9) |
| Low back pain | 2 | 38 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 42 (5.2) |
| Neck pain | 1 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 37 (4.6) |
| Stroke | 3 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 33 (4.1) |
| Coronary heart disease | 3 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 24 (3.0) |
| Cognitive impairment | 3 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 (2.5) |
| Insomnia | 1 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 17 (2.1) |
| Osteoporosis or osteopenia | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (1.9) |
SR, systematic review; RCT, randomized clinical trial; CCS, nonrandomized controlled clinical studies (quasirandomized clinical trial or observational studies such as cohort or case-control studies); CS, case series; CR, case report; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ∗Some systematic reviews involved more than one type of diseases or conditions.