Table 3.
Effect of lifestyle on semen parameters in Ghanaian men.
| Lifestyle | Semen parameters | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | pH | Active motility (%) | Sluggish motility (%) | Immotile (%) | Viability (%) | Count (×106/ml) | |
| Alcohol | |||||||
| Yes | 2.23 ± 1.16 | 7.94 ± 0.41 | 23.75 ± 20.20 | 26.60 ± 18.36 | 42.14 ± 27.66 | 44.64 ± 25.74 | 25.00 ± 22.14 |
| No | 2.52 ± 1.20 | 7.77 ± 0.50 | 22.75 ± 25.22 | 22.73 ± 15.62 | 50.67 ± 31.35 | 38.55 ± 28.23 | 21.68 ± 21.44 |
| p value | 0.295 | 0.108 | 0.847 | 0.323 | 0.214 | 0.334 | 0.516 |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Yes | 2.48 ± 1.10 | 7.78 ± 0.39 | 12.85 ± 17.04 | 22.85 ± 22.14 | 48.57 ± 34.84 | 27.85 ± 27.05 | 12.28 ± 10.95 |
| No | 2.41 ± 1.20 | 7.84 ± 0.48 | 24.08 ± 23.84 | 24.20 ± 16.19 | 47.60 ± 30.01 | 41.91 ± 27.27 | 23.85 ± 22.14 |
| p value | 0.877 | 0.741 | 0.147 | 0.839 | 0.936 | 0.198 | 0.036∗ |
| Hours of sitting | |||||||
| ≤4 hours | 2.39 ± 1.26 | 7.81 ± 0.50 | 26.02 ± 24.95 | 24.18 ± 17.14 | 41.42 ± 30.12 | 42.24 ± 27.52 | 23.03 ± 20.75 |
| >4 hours | 2.46 ± 1.07 | 7.87 ± 0.44 | 18.48 ± 20.42 | 23.93 ± 16.03 | 57.58 ± 28.07 | 38.22 ± 27.43 | 22.54 ± 23.47 |
| p value | 0.791 | 0.590 | 0.145 | 0.948 | 0.017∗ | 0.526 | 0.923 |
∗Statistically significant p value < 0.05.