Table 4.

Effect of exposure to environmental factors on semen parameters in Ghanaian men.

Environmental factors	Semen parameters
	Volume	pH	Active motility (%)	Sluggish motility (%)	Immotile (%)	Viability (%)	Count (×106/ml)
STD exposure
Yes	2.32 ± 1.02	7.87 ± 0.45	18.90 ± 21.01	28.10 ± 21.86	42.50 ± 30.97	40.25 ± 26.03	20.22 ± 19.73
No	2.45 ± 1.24	7.82 ± 0.48	24.50 ± 24.22	22.75 ± 14.45	49.41 ± 30.02	40.83 ± 27.90	23.60 ± 22.30
p value	0.632	0.662	0.328	0.215	0.379	0.933	0.565
X-ray exposure
Yes	1.98 ± 0.87	7.88 ± 0.48	34.44 ± 28.77	33.33 ± 23.97	20.00 ± 18.02	58.33 ± 26.80	34.55 ± 24.63
No	2.47 ± 1.21	7.82 ± 0.48	21.66 ± 22.54	22.91 ± 15.29	51.19 ± 29.70	38.45 ± 26.81	21.35 ± 20.92
p value	0.158	0.724	0.124	0.076	0.000∗	0.039∗	0.084
Site of mobile phone storage
Side pocket	2.41 ± 1.24	7.82 ± 0.48	25.26 ± 24.45	24.95 ± 16.48	46.69 ± 29.73	43.83 ± 27.19	24.16 ± 22.32
Other places	2.45 ± 0.87	7.8 ± 0.43	10.83 ± 10.83	19.16 ± 17.29	53.33 ± 33.66	22.91 ± 21.79	15.33 ± 15.62
p value	0.884	0.741	0.002∗	0.269	0.486	0.009	0.109

^∗Statistically significant p value < 0.05.