Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to absence and presence of AC in AF patients with warfarin treatment.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 79) | AC (n = 52) | No AC (n = 27) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male (%) | 40 (51) | 26 (50) | 14 (52) | 0.877 |
| Age (years) | 64 ± 10.1 | 67 ± 8.8 | 59 ± 10.5 | 0.001∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 25 ± 3.9 | 24 ± 2.8 | 0.502 |
| Smoking (%) | 18 (23) | 11 (21) | 7 (26) | 0.634 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126 (116, 140) | 129.5 (120, 140) | 120 (108, 142) | 0.197 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 (68, 84) | 76 (67, 85) | 78 (71, 84) | 0.290 |
| HR (bpm) | 80 (70, 88) | 80 (72, 89) | 80 (70, 88) | 0.709 |
| AF (%) | 79 (100) | 52 (100) | 27 (100) | 1 |
| Hypertension (%) | 40 (51) | 29 (56) | 11 (41) | 0.208 |
| CHD (%) | 18 (23) | 13 (25) | 5 (19) | 0.517 |
| Biochemical index | ||||
| ALP (U/L) | 73 (54, 82) | 77 (57, 93) | 62 (47, 74) | 0.001∗ |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.22 ± 0.11 | 2.21 ± 0.12 | 2.23 ± 0.10 | 0.604 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.20 | 1.14 ± 0.23 | 1.10 ± 0.15 | 0.433 |
| GLU (μmol/L) | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 0.583 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.57 ± 1.2 | 4.47 ± 1.17 | 4.77 ± 1.4 | 0.320 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.62 ± 1.1 | 1.49 ± 1.01 | 1.87 ± 1.3 | 0.141 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.31 | 1.16 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.32 | 0.996 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.78 ± 0.85 | 2.71 ± 0.83 | 2.94 ± 0.87 | 0.251 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.02 (1.34, 12.76) | 5.26 (1.67, 17.91) | 1.49 (0.88, 3.32) | 0.005∗ |
| INR | 1.39 ± 0.49 | 1.35 ± 0.47 | 1.47 ± 0.54 | 0.357 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LA (mm) | 40 ± 6.0 | 41 ± 6.4 | 39 ± 5.1 | 0.121 |
| LVPWT (mm) | 10 ± 1.3 | 10 ± 1.4 | 9 ± 0.9 | 0.171 |
| LVEF (%) | 64 ± 10.4 | 65 ± 9.5 | 63 ± 11.9 | 0.272 |
| Medication history | ||||
| Warfarin dose (mg) | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.878 |
| Warfarin duration (m) | 5 (1, 24) | 5 (2, 27) | 5 (1, 24) | 0.921 |
| Warfarin (%) | 79 (100) | 52 (100) | 27 (100) | 1 |
| Clopidogrel (%) | 8 (10) | 5 (10) | 3 (11) | 0.835 |
| Statin (%) | 17 (21) | 13 (25) | 4 (15) | 0.299 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. Male, smoking, hypertension, clopidogrel, statin, and CHD are presented as n (%). SBP, DBP, HR, ALP, hsCRP, and warfarin duration are presented as median (interquartile range). P values are from independent-sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test for appropriate data between group AC and group no AC (∗P < 0.05). AF: atrial fibrillation; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GLU: glucose; HCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: heart rate; INR: international normalized ratio; LA: left atrium; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.