Table 2.
All relevant results reported in all studies included in the systematic review on peptides of animal origin applied in the treatment of skin wounds.
| Peptide source | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|
| Increased | Reduced | |
| Human [21, 22, 24, 31] | Wound closure [21, 22, 24, 31] Reepithelialization [24] Inflammatory cells [21, 22] Blood vessels [21, 22, 24, 31] Tensile strength [21] |
Wound area [21, 22, 24, 31] Inflammatory cells [31] IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α [31] |
|
| ||
| Other mammals [20, 29, 32, 33] | Wound closure [20, 29, 32, 33] Reepithelialization [20, 29] Dermal regeneration [20, 32] Inflammatory cells [32] Blood vessels [20, 32, 33] Collagen [20, 29, 32, 33] SOD, CAT, GSH, and MIF [32] Hexosamine [29, 33] Ascorbate and Proteins [29] Tensile strength [29] Collagen contraction temperature [29] DNA, NO, VEGF, and TGF-β1 [33] |
Wound area [20, 29, 32, 33] MDA, TNF-α, and NF-kB [32] Lipid peroxidation [29] |
|
| ||
| Amphibian [1, 13, 16, 25, 27, 28, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44] | Wound closure [1, 13, 16, 25, 27, 28, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44] Reepithelialization [13, 16, 25, 27, 28, 36, 40, 41] Dermal regeneration [13, 16, 25, 27, 28, 36, 40, 41] Inflammatory cells [13, 27, 41] Blood vessels [28] Collagen [36, 41] Myofibroblasts [25, 27, 36, 41] MCP-1 and VEGF [36] TNF-α [36, 41] TGF-β [41] TGF-β1 [13, 27, 36] CXCL1 and CCL2 [41] HIF-1α, eNOS, and iNOS in diabetic wounds [28] |
Wound area [1, 13, 16, 25, 27, 28, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44] Inflammatory cells [28] IL-6 and TNF-α in diabetic wounds [28] |
|
| ||
| Fish [12, 15, 26, 30, 34, 35, 37, 43] | Wound closure [12, 15, 26, 30, 34, 35, 37, 43] Reepithelialization [12, 26, 34, 35, 37, 43] Dermal regeneration [12, 26, 34, 35, 37, 43] Inflammatory cells [26, 34] Collagen [34, 37, 43] VEGF [26, 30, 43] EGF and TGF-β [30, 37] FGF [43] bFGF [37] TβRII [37] IL-1 [30] IL-10 [43] NOD2 and BD14 [43] Hydroxyproline [37] |
Wound area [12, 15, 26, 30, 34, 35, 37, 43] Inflammatory cells [12] IL-6 [12, 26, 30, 34] TNF [30] MCP-1 [26] TNF-α [12, 26] CRP [34] CXCL5 [12] Bacterial loads [12, 26, 34] |
|
| ||
| Jellyfish [39] | Wound closure, Reepithelialization, Dermal regeneration, Collagen, β-FGF, and TGF-β1 | Wound area |
|
| ||
| Mollusk [42] | Wound closure, Reepithelialization, Dermal regeneration, CD31, EGF, FGF, TGF-β, TβRII, IL-1, and IL-10 | Wound area, Inflammatory cells, and Smad7 |
|
| ||
| Insect [23] | Wound closure, Reepithelialization, and Inflammatory cells | Wound area |
IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; NO: nitric oxide; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; MDA: malondialdehyde; NF-κB: transcription factor kappa-B; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; EGF: epidermal growth factor; CRP: C-reactive protein; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; TβR: transforming growth factor-β receptor.