Table 3.
The distribution of maternal and neonatal characteristics by different levels of postpartum hemorrhage in the sample stratified by parity
| Variables | Nulliparous | p -valuesa | Multiparous | p-valuea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <900 ml | 900-1499 ml | 1500-2100 ml | >2100 ml | <900 ml | 900-1499 ml | 1500-2100 ml | >2100 ml | |||
| L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | |||
| N = 108,606(%) | N = 3638(%) | N = 480(%) | N = 183(%) | N = 37,689(%) | N = 635(%) | N = 75(%) | N = 27(%) | |||
| Delivery method | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Cesarean section | 47,957 (44.16)# | 2095 (57.59) | 359 (74.80) | 132 (72.13) | 9947 (26.39) | 423 (66.62) | 55 (73.33) | 19 (70.37) | ||
| VD- Episiotomy | 12,440 (11.45) | 493 (13.55) | 23(4.79) | 5(2.73) | 10,091 (26.77) | 84 (13.23) | 7(9.33) | 2(7.41) | ||
| VD- Forceps-assisted | 622(0.57) | 22(0.60) | 5(1.04) | 1(0.55) | 98(0.26) | 8(1.26) | 0(0.00) | 1(3.70) | ||
| VD- Vacuum-assisted | 223(0.21) | 7(0.19) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 55(0.15) | 1(0.16) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | ||
| SVD without instrumentsb | 47,364 (43.61) | 1021 (28.06) | 93 (19.38) | 45 (24.59) | 17,498 (46.43) | 119 (18.74) | 13 (17.33) | 5 (18.52) | ||
| Placenta previa | 1515(1.39) | 243(6.68) | 55 (11.46) | 20 (10.93) | <0.01 | 219(0.58) | 53(8.35) | 14 (18.67) | 9 (33.33) | <0.01 |
| Placenta accreta | 54(0.05) | 23(0.63) | 6(1.25) | 9(4.92) | <0.01 | 2(0.01) | 2(0.31) | 3(4.00) | 3 (11.11) | <0.01 |
| Placental abruption | 997(0.92) | 132(3.63) | 26(5.42) | 12(6.56) | <0.01 | 145(0.38) | 16(2.52) | 3(4.00) | 3 (11.11) | <0.01 |
| Placental retention | 453(0.42) | 60(1.65) | 17(3.54) | 11(6.01) | <0.01 | 90(0.24) | 17(2.68) | 6(8.00) | 2(7.41) | <0.01 |
| Uterine inertia c | 3318(3.06) | 257(7.06) | 41(8.54) | 23 (12.57) | <0.01 | 414(1.10) | 41(6.46) | 6(8.00) | 5 (18.52) | <0.01 |
| Vertex malposition | 2891(2.66) | 101(2.78) | 11(2.29) | 4(2.19) | 0.9 | 91(0.24) | 7(1.10) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | <0.01 |
| Respiratory disease | 325(0.30) | 33(0.91) | 7(1.46) | 9(4.92) | <0.01 | 39(0.10) | 4(0.63) | 0(0.00) | 1(3.70) | <0.01 |
| Hepatopathy | 2303(2.12) | 649 (17.84) | 19(3.96) | 16(9.84) | <0.01 | 527(1.40) | 19(2.99) | 1(1.33) | 1(3.70) | <0.01 |
| Nephropathy | 575(0.53) | 45(1.24) | 9(1.88) | 12(6.56) | <0.01 | 44 (0.12) | 2(0.31) | 0(0.00) | 3 (11.11) | <0.01 |
| Rhesus hemolytic disease | 231(0.21) | 40(1.10) | 6(1.25) | 0(0.00) | <0.01 | 47(0.12) | 5 (0.79) | 1(1.33) | 0(0.00) | <0.01 |
| Severe coagulopathy | 24(0.02) | 14(0.38) | 8(1.67) | 18(9.84) | <0.01 | 2(0.01) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 2(7.41) | <0.01 |
| Preeclampsia | 5992(5.52) | 448 (12.32) | 83 (17.29) | 28 (15.30) | <0.01 | 818(2.17) | 60(9.45) | 9 (12.00) | 3 (11.11) | <0.01 |
Note: #The percentage is the proportion of the row total. The percentages are compared vertically, not horizontally. SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery. a p-value derived from the chi-square test; b Reference group. c Including psychological and anesthetic factors and excluding the uterine inertia cases that cause by the other factors mentioned in our model already