Table 2.
Prevalence of esophageal collateral veins in patients with esophageal variceal recurrence after endoscopic treatment: results of meta-analyses
| Group | No. of studies | No. of patients | Pooled prevalence using random-effects model (95% CI) | Heterogeneity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 2 | P-value | ||||
| Paraesophageal veins | |||||
| Overall (all from Asia) | 9 | 488 | 87% (79%–94%) | 91.2% | <0.001 |
| Using EUS | 4 | 84 | 96% (92%–100%) | 0.0% | 0.592 |
| Using ECDUS | 3 | 353 | 95% (89%–101%) | 83.6% | 0.002 |
| Using CT | 1 | 14 | 57% (31%–88%) | − | − |
| Using PTP | 1 | 37 | 32% (17%–48%) | − | − |
| EIS | 6 | 380 | 75% (55%–94%) | 92.1% | <0.001 |
| EVL | 2 | 49 | 98% (93%–102%) | 0.0% | 0.555 |
| Periesophageal veins | |||||
| Overall (from Asia) | 1 | 17 | 76% (56%–97%) | − | − |
| Using EUS | 1 | 17 | 76% (56%–97%) | − | − |
| EIS | 1 | 17 | 76% (56%–97%) | − | − |
| Perforating veins | |||||
| Overall | 10 | 584 | 62% (35%–90%) | 98.4% | <0.001 |
| Using EUS | 7 | 231 | 70% (49%–90%) | 92.0% | <0.001 |
| Using ECDUS | 3 | 353 | 46% (−6%–98%) | 98.3% | <0.001 |
| EIS | 5 | 385 | 54% (13%–95%) | 98.1% | <0.001 |
| EVL | 4 | 131 | 65% (30%–99%) | 95.3% | <0.001 |
| Asia | 9 | 565 | 63% (34%–93%) | 98.5% | <0.001 |
| Europe | 1 | 19 | 53% (30%–75%) | − | − |
CI, confidence interval; EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; ECDUS, endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography; CT, computed tomography; PTP, percutaneous transhepatic portography; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation.