Table 4.
Association between esophageal collateral veins and esophageal variceal recurrence in case–control studies: results of meta-analyses
| Group | No. of studies | No. of patients | Pooled-effect quantities using random-effects model |
Heterogeneity |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | I 2 | P-value | |||
| Paraesophageal veins | ||||||
| Overall (all from Asia) | 4 | 447 | 4.26 (0.38–48.35) | 0.24 | 77% | 0.005 |
| Using EUS | 3 | 141 | 7.50 (0.35–161.19) | 0.20 | 75% | 0.020 |
| Using ECDUS | 1 | 306 | 0.90 (0.11–7.23) | 0.92 | − | − |
| EIS | 4 | 403 | 3.97 (0.37–43.25) | 0.26 | 72% | 0.010 |
| EVL | 1 | 44 | 18.75 (1.91–184.20) | 0.01 | − | − |
| Periesophageal veins | ||||||
| Overall (from Asia) | 1 | 44 | 1.37 (0.34–5.51) | 0.66 | − | − |
| Using EUS | 1 | 44 | 1.37 (0.34–5.51) | 0.66 | − | − |
| EIS | 1 | 44 | 1.37 (0.34–5.51) | 0.66 | − | − |
| Perforating veins | ||||||
| Overall | 8 | 696 | 9.79 (1.95–49.22) | 0.006 | 80% | <0.001 |
| Using EUS | 6 | 335 | 11.27 (3.24–39.28) | <0.001 | 54% | 0.060 |
| Using ECDUS | 2 | 361 | 5.12 (0.00–11,618.16) | 0.68 | 95% | <0.001 |
| EIS | 4 | 418 | 5.83 (0.37–92.96) | 0.21 | 88% | <0.001 |
| EVL | 2 | 70 | 8.21 (2.33–28.93) | 0.001 | 0% | 0.630 |
| Asia | 7 | 656 | 11.10 (1.54–79.82) | 0.02 | 83% | <0.001 |
| Europe | 1 | 40 | 6.67 (1.46–30.43) | 0.01 | − | − |
CI, confidence interval; EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; ECDUS, endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation.