Table 1. Demographic, social, and clinical characteristics of the subjects.
| Characteristic | n (%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 115 (97) |
| Female | 4 (3) |
| Residence before admission* | |
| Homeless | 50 (42) |
| Temporary residence | 26 (22) |
| Residence near work place | 19 (16) |
| Apartment | 17 (14) |
| Other or unidentified residence | 7 (6) |
| Residence after discharge | |
| Apartment | 26 (22) |
| Social welfare institution† | 19 (16) |
| Transient hostel | 13 (11) |
| Apartment or house of family members | 3 (3) |
| Temporary shelter | 1 (1) |
| Hospital | 27 (23) |
| Discharged dead or unknown ‡ | 30 (25) |
| Occupation before admission | |
| Unemployed | 69 (58) |
| Construction worker and laborer | 18 (15) |
| Service worker | 9 (8) |
| Worker in transport | 3 (3) |
| Sales worker | 3 (3) |
| Other or unidentified occupation | 8 (7) |
| Unknown | 9 (8) |
| People with close relationships | |
| Any | 32 (27) |
| None | 82 (69) |
| Unknown | 5 (4) |
| Reason for access to medical services | |
| Complaint of any symptom | 79 (66) |
| Found collapsing on the street | 19 (16) |
| Abnormal findings on health checks | 15 (13) |
| Deterioration of tuberculosis during follow-up | 5 (4) |
| Unknown | 1 (1) |
| History of tuberculosis treatment | |
| Any | 21 (18) |
| None | 81 (68) |
| Unknown | 17 (14) |
| Site of the disease | |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 116 (98) |
| Extrapulmonary tuberculosis | 3 (3) |
| Cavitary disease (n=116) | |
| Yes | 94 (81) |
| No | 20 (17) |
| Unknown | 2 (2) |
| Sputum smear result§ | |
| - | 31 (26) |
| 1+ | 16 (13) |
| 2+ | 42 (35) |
| 3+ | 27 (23) |
| Unknown | 3 (3) |
| Drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates∥ | |
| Yes | 22 (18) |
| No | 67 (56) |
| Unknown (culture positive) | 15 (13) |
| Culture negative | 15 (13) |
| Diabetes mellitus | |
| Yes | 33 (28) |
| No | 69 (58) |
| Unknown | 17 (14) |
| Alcohol problems in the hospital | |
| Yes | 9 (8) |
| No | 94 (79) |
| Unknown | 16 (13) |
* : Residence before admission was categorized as follows: homeless (urban park, station building, riverbed, street, temporary winter accommodation for the homeless, or no residence); temporary residence (transient hostel, capsule or business hotel, public sauna, all-night theater, or apartment or house rented by friends); residence near work place (dormitory in workplace, or bunkhouse for construction workers); apartment (apartment rented by the patient and vacated because of disease onset); and others. Resident registration was assigned under the address of the hospital of the subjects’ admission, because of lack of a conventional dwelling or residence.
† : Social welfare institution includes hostel for the poor, public lodging for the homeless, rehabilitation facility, and rehabilitation institution for the internally handicapped.
‡ : Unable to obtain information on residence after discharge because of forcible or voluntary discharge.
§ : Results of sputum smear were classified as ‘-’, 1+, 2+, and 3+, equivalent to Gaffky scale of 0-1, 2-4, 5-8, and 9-10 respectively.
∥ : M. tuberculosis isolates were resistant to at least one of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, or streptomycin.