Table 4. Indications and costs of imaging studies.

Imaging technique	Indication	Estimated cost†
CT	For detection, staging, surgical planning	$346
EUS	For detection, diagnostic biopsy	$1,427
MRI	For detection, staging, surgical planning, evaluation of ductal anatomy (used especially in patients allergic to iodinated contrast, renal failure)	$569
PET-CT	For staging, especially in high risk patients for metastatic disease	$1,411

^†, costs from outpatient radiology and procedural Medicare average payments from http://www.cms.gov/.