Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Heart Transplant Population With COVID-19
| All (N = 47) | Survivors (n = 33) | Nonsurvivors (n = 14) | P Value | Home Self-Quarantined Patients (n = 9) | Hospitalized Patients (n = 38) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (yrs) | 61.84 ± 14.51 | 57.67 ± 14.87 | 71.67 ± 7.24 | 0.002 | 48.64 ± 17.34 | 64.97 ± 12.02 | 0.002 |
| Male | 37 (79) | 25 (76) | 12 (86) | 0.700 | 6 (67) | 31 (82) | 0.377 |
| Time from Htx (yrs) | 10.46 ± 8.70 | 9.46 ± 8.61 | 12.75 ± 8.75 | 0.242 | 6.55 ± 9.81 | 11.29 ± 8.35 | 0.164 |
| Risk factors | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.27 ± 4.80 | 25.32 ± 4.21 | 25.15 ± 6.13 | 0.915 | 25.82 ± 4.10 | 25.13 ± 4.99 | 0.703 |
| Obesity | 8 (17) | 5 (15) | 3 (21) | 0.679 | 1 (11) | 7 (18) | 0.600 |
| Arterial hypertension | 30 (64) | 22 (67) | 8 (57) | 0.741 | 5 (56) | 25 (66) | 0.704 |
| Dyslipidemia | 22 (47) | 14 (42) | 8 (57) | 0.524 | 4 (44) | 18 (47) | 0.874 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (17) | 3 (9) | 5 (36) | 0.040 | 1 (11) | 7 (18) | 0.600 |
| Former smoker | 11 (23) | 8 (24) | 3 (21) | 0.835 | 3 (33) | 8 (21) | 0.419 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (17) | 3 (9) | 5 (36) | 0.040 | 0 (0) | 8 (21) | 0.323 |
| COPD | 3 (6) | 2 (6) | 1 (7) | 0.890 | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 0.384 |
| Stroke | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0.298 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.623 |
| Malignancy | 5 (11) | 3 (9) | 2 (14) | 0.627 | 2 (22) | 3 (8) | 0.240 |
| Dialysis | 6 (13) | 4 (12) | 2 (14) | 0.839 | 0 (0) | 6 (16) | 0.579 |
| GFR (ml/min) | 48.17 ± 32.14 | 55.00 ± 33.93 | 30.82 ± 18.72 | 0.004 | 82.90 ± 35.30 | 39.72 ± 25.29 | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI | 11 (23) | 5 (15) | 6 (36) | 0.040 | 0 (0) | 11 (29) | 0.092 |
| CMR | 7 (15) | 4 (12) | 3 (21) | 0.404 | 1 (11) | 6 (16) | 0.771 |
| AMR | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0.295 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.633 |
| CAV Score | 0.41 ± 0.89 | 0.17 ± 0.59 | 1.00 ± 1.21 | 0.039 | 0.14 ± 0.38 | 0.46 ± 0.95 | 0.398 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.023 | 0.218 | |||||
| I | 35 (74) | 28 (85) | 7 (50) | 8 (100) | 27 (71) | ||
| II | 8 (17) | 3 (9) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) | 8 (21) | ||
| III | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | ||
| IV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| LVEF (%) | 54.48 ± 10.38 | 56.72 ± 9.04 | 48.71 ± 12.05 | 0.083 | 56.40 ± 9.48 | 54.00 ± 10.77 | 0.654 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | |||||||
| Cyclosporine | 34 (81) | 21 (64) | 13 (93) | 0.073 | 6 (67) | 28 (74) | 0.939 |
| Tacrolimus | 12 (26) | 11 (33) | 1 (7) | 0.073 | 2 (22) | 10 (26) | 0.939 |
| Prednisone | 19 (40) | 14 (42) | 5 (36) | 0.749 | 6 (67) | 13 (34) | 0.033 |
| Mycophenolate | 26 (55) | 18 (55) | 8 (57) | 0.955 | 5 (56) | 22 (58) | 0.707 |
| Everolimus | 12 (26) | 8 (24) | 4 (29) | 0.800 | 2 (22) | 10 (26) | 0.939 |
| Azathioprine | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | 2 (14) | 0.216 | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 0.411 |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 4 (9) | 3 (9) | 1 (7) | 0.782 | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | 0.330 |
| Laboratory results at last FU | |||||||
| WBC count (cells per 109/l) | 6.91 ± 2.75 | 6.67 ± 2.82 | 7.59 ± 2.63 | 0.461 | 5.56 ± 2.54 | 7.30 ± 2.74 | 0.176 |
| Lymphocyte (cells per 109/l) | 1.71 ± 1.05 | 1.57 ± 0.97 | 2.13 ± 1.22 | 0.234 | 1.24 ± 0.69 | 1.85 ± 1.10 | 0.217 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
Abbreviations: AMR = antibody-mediated rejection; BMI = body mass index; CAV = cardiac allograft vasculopathy; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; Htx = heart transplant; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; NYHA = New York Heart Association; FU = follow up; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; WBC = white blood cells.