Table 1.

Repurposed drugs in trials for COVID-19.

Drug	Original disease condition	Mechanism of action in COVID-19
Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine	Malaria	Increases pH in endosomes and prevents fusion and entry of virus into the host cell. Inhibits terminal glycosylation of ACE-2
Remdesivir	Ebola viral infection	SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor
Favipiravir	Influenza viral infection	SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor
Azithromycin	Broad-spectrum antibiotic to treat respiratory, enteric and urinary bacterial infections	Antiviral effects in bronchial epithelial cells
Lopinavir, Ritonavir	Human immunodeficiency virus	SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors
Nafamostat, Camostat	Human pancreatitis	SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors
Famotidine	Acidity	Potential inhibitor of the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease
Umifenovir	Influenza and other respiratory infections	Blocks entry of virus into host target cells. Inhibits synthesis of viral RNA
Nitazoxanide	Broad-spectrum drug for parasitic, bacterial and viral infections	Inhibits replication of the virus and protein expression
Fluvoxamine	Anti-depressant drug	Inhibits cytokine production
Dexamethasone	Bacterial infections with inflammation	Decreases cytokine storm and hyperinflammation
Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, Itolizumab, Bevacizumab	Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions	Alleviates inflammation of the lungs by suppressing cytokine storm