. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 17.

Published in final edited form as: J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jun 4;68(24):6576–6587. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01475

Table 4.

Pharmacokinetic Parameters of MGN, HNK, MHNK and Their Respective Metabolites (Glucuronides and Sulfates) After Oral Administration With 60 mg ME/kg Dose in Nanosuspension (n = 5).

Parameters	T_max (hr)	C_max (ng/mL)	AUC_0–24 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC_0−∞ (hr*ng/mL)	Half-life (hr)	MRT_0–24 (hr)
MGN	2.2 ± 1.5	29.1±10.4^*	176.4 ± 27.3^*	181.9±28.8^*	5.0 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 0.6^*
MGN_Glucuronide	0.4 ± 0.1	157.4±54.4^*	260.4 ± 69.4^*	283.4±74.6^*	2.2 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.3^*
MGN_Sulfate	0.3 ± 0.0	429.3 ± 138.0	803.8 ± 151.7	1041.3 ± 233.6	3.1 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 0.6
HNK	3.5 ± 1.8^*	42.5 ± 14.8^*	253.5 ± 45.4^*	263.4±46.9^*	5.3 ± 1.5	5.5 ± 0.6^*
HNK_Glucuronide1	0.3 ± 0.1	15.0 ± 6.7^*	34.5 ± 10.1^*	37.8 ± 11.2^*	2.1 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 0.4^*
HNK_Glucuronide2	0.3 ± 0.1	64.0 ± 19.7^*	130.5 ± 39.1^*	164.2±47.9^*	3.7 ± 1.4	2.6 ± 0.3^*
HNK_Sulfate	0.3 ± 0.0	39.8 ± 15.1^*	118.2 ± 25.3^*	121.4 ± 24.9^*	5.1 ± 0.7	5.2 ± 0.4^*
MHNK	3.0 ± 2.0	14.3 ± 6.6^*	79.9 ± 15.8^*	86.3 ± 15.7^*	7.1±2.5^*	5.9 ± 0.7^*
MHNK_Glucuronide	0.5 ± 0.3	57.1 ± 8.6^*	102.5 ± 31.5	106.2 ± 33.4	1.6 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.4^*
MHNK_Sulfate	0.5 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 1.6^*	1.1 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.9^*	-	0.7 ± 0.4^*

indicates significant differences with the respective parameter obtained from oral PK study of ME in Corn oil (in Table 3) (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test.