Table 2.
Diagnostics, laboratory investigations, and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV patients
| Author/year | Age/sex | COVID test | Chest imaging | CT imaging | Rx COVID | Rx HIV | Rx of comorbidity | Mechanical ventilation (intubation) | Hospital stay (days) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jin Sun et al./2020 | 37/M | rRT-PCR | Clear with no infiltrates or consolidation | NA |
None due to mild illness No treatment |
TFV, 3TC RPV | NA | NA | 14 | Recovery |
| Toombs et al./2020 | 62/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral opacities | NA |
TZP AZM TMP-SMX PRED |
RAL 3TC ABC TAC mycophenolate |
NA | Yes | 8 | Death |
| Toombs et al./2020 | 46/M | RT-PCR | - | NA |
LVX Atovaquone PRED |
TDF/FTC DTG |
NA | Yes | 6 | Recovered |
| Toombs et al./2020 | 57/F | RT-PCR | Bilateral consolidation | NA |
DOX TMP-SMX |
TAF/FTC NVP |
NA | Yes | 10 | Recovered |
| Menghua et al./2020 | 49/F | RT-PCR | NA | Ground-glass dense shadow and cord shadow under the pleura of the lateral segment of the middle lobe and a dorsal-base segment of the lower lobe of the right lung |
CXM traditional Chinese medicine (Lian-qin oral solution and LianhuaQingwen capsule) Then changed to interferon atomization, ribavirin, Arbidol, and moxifloxacin |
EFV ZDV 3TC |
NA | Yes | 47 | Recovered |
| Giambenedetto et al./2020 | 75/M | RT-PCR |
Bilateral signs of interstitial pneumonia Ground-glass opacity in the anterior segment of the RU lobe |
Bilateral consolidationsand ground-glass opacities |
HCQ, AZM = discount later due to cardiotoxicity and conduction disorder Sarilumab IV = recovery after this was administered and HCQ and AZM were discontinued |
Darunavir, COB FTC TAF | Perindopril for HTN | Yes | 19 | Recovery |
| Choi et al./2020 | 71/M | rRT-PCR | Mild opacity in RLL>>rapidly aggravated bilateral infiltration | NA | HCQ, MPD, day, convalescent plasma, and O2 via a nasal prong | LPV/r | NA | Yes | 26 | Recovery |
| Choi et al./2020 | 67/M | rRT-PCR | LLL infiltration | NA | HCQ, MPD, convalescent plasma, and oxygen | LPV/r | NA | Yes | 24 | Recovery |
| Mülleret al./2020 | 55/M | PCR | Diffuse bilateral infiltration | NA | Antibiotics, immunosuppressive, and oxygen via nasal prongs | FTCTAF RPV | Hemophilia A-factor VIII, HCV-IFN, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids-2019 | No | 6 | Recovery |
| Asadollahi-Amin et al./2020 | 44/M | rRT-PCR | NA | Patchy ground-glass opacityin the upper lobeof the right lung | HCQOTV | LPV/r | NA | No | 5 | Recovery |
| Ridgway et al./2020 | 38/M | SARS-CoV-2 PCR | Perihilar patchy opacities | Bilateral ground-glassopacities | CRO AZM HCQ | ABC DTG 3TC | NA | No | 5 | Recovery |
| Ridgway et al./2020 | 50/F | SARS-CoV-2 PCR | Mild multi-focal patchy airspace consolidation in the left lower lobe | NA | Oxygen via nasal prongs, AZM, CRO, CDR | BIC FTC TAF | NA | No | 4 | Recovery |
| Ridgway et al./2020 | 51/F | SARS-CoV-2 PCR | Bilateral perihilar and basilar patchy airspace and interstitial opacities | NA | CRO AZM CDR HCQ | ART regimen of elvitegravir, COB FTCand TAF (missed 5 days) | NA | No | 7 | Recovery |
| Ridgway et al./2020 | 53/F | SARS-CoV-2 PCR | Unremarkable | NA | CDR AZM | BIC FTC TAF RTV DRV TDF FTC | NA | No | 3 | Recovery |
| Ridgway et al./2020 | 47/M | SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative on admission, positive on day 3 | Cardiomegaly but no infiltrate | Wedge-shapedsplenic infarction | NA. Self-discharged against advice on day 3 | TDF, FTC DRV RTV RAL | NA | No | 2 | Recovered |
| Haddad et al./2020 | 41/M | SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative on admission, positive on day 3 (COVID test positive) | NA | Diffuse patchy nodular, ground-glass infiltrates | HCQ, AZM, FEP AMP VAN | DTG-3TC | Cefepime, ampicillin, vancomycin, and acyclovir for empiric, bacterial meningitis and herpes encephalitis coverage | Yes | 6 | Recovery |
| Zhu et al./2020 | 61/M | rRT-PCR | NA | Pneumonia withfindings of multiple ground-glass opacities(GGO) in bilateral lungs>>>progressiveGGO and consolidationin lungs | MXF γ-globulin MDP and O2 via nasal prongs | LPV/r | Alogliptin co-administered with metformin | No | 21 | Recovery |
| Chen et al./2020 | 24/M | rRT-PCR | NA | Multiple high-density patchy shadows with unclear boundaries in the subpleural regions of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung, with the involvement of adjacent interlobar pleura | Interferon inhalation | LPV/r TFV 3TC EFV | NA | No | 15 | Recovery |
| Wu et al./2020 | 60/M | rRT-PCR | NA | Bilateral multiple ground-glass opacities (GGO), prominenton the right lower lobe | Oxygen OTV MXP CRO and tazobactam) | TDF 3TC EFV |
CHOP and EPOC-B cell lymphoma TB-INH, rifabutin, ethambutol and moxifloxacin, insulin-DM |
No | 14 | Recovery |
| Wu et al./2020 | 47/M | rRT-PCR | NA | Bilateral multiple GGO | Oxygen, MXF RBV umifenovir, YZP SMZ | NA | NA | No | 25 | Recovery |
| Patel et al./2020 | 58/M | rRT-PCR | Clear lungs | NA | ,HCQ AZM, and zinc sulfate | FTC TFV ATVRTV | NA | No | 5 | Recovery |
| Iordanou et al./2020 | 58/M | rRT-PCR (positive on third swab test on day 6) | Bilateral air space pacifications | NA |
LVX OTV AZM TZP VAN MEM GEN CAS enoxaparin |
EVG COB FTC TDF | NA | Yes | 32 | Recovery |
| Sadr et al./2020 | 57/F | RT-PCR | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | NA | NA | NA | No | 7 | Recovery |
| Wang et al./2020 | 37/M | RT-PCR negative four times. SARS-Cov-2 IgM was positive | Multipleinfiltrations inboth lungs |
Umifenovir, CS Human serum albumin, thymosin, and ulinastatin Tocilizumab High-flow oxygen (15 l/min) |
NA | NA | No | NA | Recovery | |
| Benkovic et al./2020 | 56/M | rRT-PCR | NA | NA | NA | FTC TFV etravirine, ABC | HTN-lisinopril | No | Home isolation | Recovery |
| Benkovic et al./2020 | 56/male | RT-PCR | Pneumonia | NA | NA | FTCTFV TAF | Rosuvastatin and losartan | No | Home isolation | Recovery |
| Benkovic et al./2020 | 62/M | RT-PCR | NA | NA | NA | FTCEVG COB TAF | HTN-losartan, DM-metformin, HLD-atorvastatin, and AFIB-Coumadin | No | 14 | Recovery |
| Benkovic et al./2020 | 65/M | RT-PCR | NA | NA | NA | TAF FTC DRV-boosted COB | NA | No | 1 | Recovery |
| Blanco et al./2020 | 40/transgender | PCR | Normal | NA | NA | TAF FTC DRV-boosted COB | NA | No | 1 | Recovery |
| Blanco et al./2020 | 49/M | PCR | Bilateral ground-glass opacities | NA | Interferon beta-1b, HCQ, MEM LZD tocilizumab | ABC 3TC DTG TDF FTC LPV/r | NA | Yes | 21 | Recovery |
| Blanco et al./2020 | 29/M | PCR | NA | NA |
HCQ, AZM |
TAF FTC DRV-boosted COB TDF FTC LPV/r |
NA | No | 3 | Recovery |
| Blanco et al./2020 | 40/M | PCR | Right basal interstitial infiltrates | NA | AZM, CFM HCQ, inhaled corticosteroids |
ABC 3TC DTG TDF FTC LPV/r |
NA | No | 4 | Recovery |
| Blanco et al./2020 | 31/transgender | PCR | Right basal pneumonia with pleural effusion | NA |
Interferon beta-1b and HCQ, AZM, CFT TMP-SMX, and corticosteroids |
TAF FTC DRV-boosted COB | NA | No | 12 | Recovery |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 37/M | RT-PCR | Normal | NA | Symp Trt. No antibiotics | FTC, TAF, and DTG | NA | No | 1 | Recovery |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 31/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral multifocal infiltrates | NA | Symp Trt. No antibiotics | EVG, FTC, TAF, and COB-compliant | NA | No | 3 | Recovery |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 70/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral ground-glass opacities | NA |
HCQ, AZM CF3 |
FTC, TDF, and RAL-compliant | NA | Yes | 12 | Death |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 76/ F | RT-PCR | Bilateral ground-glass opacities | NA | HCQ CF3 | FTC, TAF, ATV, and COB-compliant | NA | Yes | 7 | Death |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 63/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral ground-glass opacities | NA |
HCQ AZM CF3 |
FTC, TAF, and DTG-compliant | NA | Yes | 13 | Death |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 52/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral ground-glass opacities | NA | HCQ | EVG, FTC, TAF, and COB-non compliant | NA | Yes | 1 | Death |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 58/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral interstitial infiltrates | NA |
HCQ AZM CF3 |
HARRT-not taking | NA | Yes | 14 | Death |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 52/M | RT-PCR | Bilateral multifocal infiltrates | NA |
COVID treatment-none Antibiotic-tazocin and doxycycline |
FTC, TDF, and DTG-compliant | NA | No | 3 | Recovery |
| Suwanwongse et al./2020 | 76/F | RT-PCR | Bilateral multifocal infiltrates | NA | AZM | EFV, FTC, and TAF-compliant | NA | No | 5 | Recovery |
| Nakamoto et al./2020 | 28/M | Not mentioned | NA | Multiple GGO | HCQ | NA | NA | No | 8 | Recovery |
ABC, abacavir; ACV, acyclovir; AMP, ampicillin; ATV, atazanavir; AZM, azithromycin; BIC, bictegravir; CAS, caspofungin; CDR, cefdinir; FEP, cefepime; CFM, cefixime; CFP, cefoperazone; CRO, ceftriaxone; CXM, cefuroxime; CPT, ceftaroline; CF3, 3rd generation cephalosporins; COB, cobicistat; DRV, darunavir; DTG, dolutegravir; DOX, doxycycline; EFV, efavirenz; EVG, elvitegravir; FTC, emtricitabine; EMB, ethambutol; ETR, etravirine; GEN, gentamicin; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; LZD, linezolid; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; MEM, meropenem; MXF, moxifloxacin; NVP, nevirapine; OTV, oseltamivir; SUL, sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam(tazocin); Pred, prednisone; RAL, raltegravir; RFB, rifabutin; RPV, rilpivirine; RTV, ritonavir; 3TC, lamivudine; LVX, levofloxacin; RBV, ribavirin; TAC, tacrolimus; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TFV, tenofovir; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TAF/FTC, tenovovir alafenamideemtricitabine (Descovy); TDF/FTC, tenovovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada); TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole); VAN, vancomycin; ZDV, zidovudin; NA, not available; Symp, symptomatic; Trt, treatment; GGO, ground glass opacity; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction