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. 2020 Oct 19;11:585351. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.585351

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Copyright © 2020 Zhu, Chen, Si, Li, Chen and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Directed acyclic graph (DAG) of the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. This DAG illustrated the relationships between the genetic instruments (ALDH2 rs671 and ADH1B rs1229984), the exposure (Alcohol Consumption), the health outcome (Depression), and the (observed or unobserved) confounders.