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. 2020 Oct 19;7:583826. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.583826

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Copyright © 2020 Wang, Wang, Moitessier and Mittermaier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Isothermal titration calorimetry characterization of heterogeneous mixtures. (A) Single injection assays with substrate (cefazolin) in the syringe and purified NDM-1 in the sample cell (Zhang et al., 2018). (B) Single injection assays with cefazolin in the syringe and a suspension of live E. coli bacteria expressing NDM-1 in the sample cell. (C) Experiments in (B) repeated with various concentrations of an inhibitor (D-captopril) added to the E. coli suspension. (D) IC₅₀ calculation, taking the magnitude of each peak in (C) as proportional to enzyme activity. Single injection assays with chitinase in the injection syringe and (E) soluble chitin fragments or (F) insoluble chitin in the sample cell (Lonhienne et al., 2001). Vertical arrows indicate timings of injections.