Table 2.
Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia Among Study Participants (n=400)
| Variables | Dyslipidemia | Unadjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n= 266, 66.5%) |
No (n=134, 33.5%) |
OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤40 | 87 (56.1) | 68 (43.9) | 1 | Ref. |
| >40 | 179 (73.1) | 66 (26.9) | 2.12 | 1.39–3.24 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 149 (70.6) | 62 (29.4) | 1 | Ref. |
| Female | 117 (61.9) | 72 (38.1) | 0.68 | 0.45–1.03 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 65 (58.0) | 47 (42.0) | 1 | Ref. |
| Urban | 201 (69.8) | 87 (30.2) | 1.67 | 1.06–2.63 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 240 (66.1) | 123 (33.9) | 1 | Ref. |
| Unmarried | 26 (70.3) | 11 (29.7) | 1.21 | 0.58–2.53 |
| Years of education | ||||
| ≤12 years | 166 (66.4) | 84 (33.6) | 1 | Ref. |
| >12 years | 100 (66.7) | 50 (33.3) | 1.01 | 0.66–1.55 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 171 (64.5) | 94 (35.5) | 1 | Ref. |
| Unemployed | 95 (70.4) | 40 (29.6) | 1.31 | 0.84–2.04 |
| Monthly income (SAR) | ||||
| Low (<5000) | 71 (60.2) | 47 (39.8) | 1 | Ref. |
| Middle (5000–15,000) | 122 (68.2) | 57 (31.8) | 1.42 | 0.87–2.30 |
| High (>15,000) | 73 (70.9) | 30 (29.1) | 1.61 | 0.92–2.83 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 49 (64.5) | 27 (35.5) | 1 | Ref. |
| No | 217 (67.0) | 107 (33.0) | 1.12 | 0.66–1.89 |
| Regular exercise | ||||
| Yes | 78 (48.4) | 83 (51.6) | 1 | Ref. |
| No | 188 (78.7) | 51 (21.3) | 3.92 | 2.53–6.08 |
| Following a meal plan | ||||
| Yes | 71 (49.0) | 74 (51.0) | 1 | Ref. |
| No | 195 (76.5) | 60 (23.5) | 3.39 | 2.19–5.24 |
| Glycemic control | ||||
| Good | 57 (47.9) | 62 (52.1) | 1 | Ref. |
| Poor | 209 (74.4) | 72 (25.6) | 3.16 | 2.02–4.94 |
| Family history of DM | ||||
| Yes | 210 (76.9) | 63 (23.1) | 4.23 | 2.70–6.62 |
| No | 56 (44.1) | 71 (55.9) | 1 | Ref. |
| Duration of DM (years) | ||||
| ≤7 | 88 (54.3) | 74 (45.7) | 1 | Ref. |
| >7 | 178 (74.8) | 60 (25.2) | 2.50 | 1.63–3.82 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (BMI <25 kg/m2) | 59 (50.9) | 57 (49.1) | 1 | Ref. |
| Overweight (BMI 25-<30 kg/m2) | 150 (73.9) | 53 (26.1) | 2.73 | 1.69–4.42 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 57 (70.4) | 24 (29.6) | 2.29 | 1.26–4.18 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference; SAR, Saudi Arabian Riyal (≈$0.266).