Table II.
Common peptides in obesity research.
| Target | Peptide | Function | Source | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamic neurons | Leptin | WAT browning (up) Thermogenesis (up) | Adipose tissue and stomach | (59) |
| CAMP-PKA-dependent pathways | Neuropeptide Y | Adipogenesis (up) Thermogenesis (down) | Central and peripheral nervous system | (70) |
| Sirt-1 dependent pathway | Glucagon-like peptide-1 | Adipogenesis(down) WAT browning (up) | Ileum | (77) |
| Central appetite regulatory network | Ghrelin | Adipogenesis (up) Thermogenesis (down) | Gastric, small intestine and hypothalamus | (81) |
| Class II MHC and UCP1 | Adrenomedullin 2 | Thermogenesis (up) Insulin sensitivity (up) | Adrenaline | (90) |
| FGF21 and UCP1 | Irisin | Thermogenesis (up) Insulin sensitivity (up) | Muscle and adipose tissue | (93) |
| PKA-mediated phosphorylation | Adropin | Adipogenesis (down) Insulin resistance (down) | Liver and brain | (51) |
| Unknown mechanism | Preptin | Adipogenesis (up) Insulin resistance (up) | Pancreas | (100) |
Sirt-1, Sirtuin; Ghrelin, growth hormone-releasing peptide; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; up, increase; down, decrease.