Table 2.

Isotopes Used in Plant Studies, With Associated Half-Lives and Forms Used.

Isotope	Half-life	Form(s) used in plant imaging studies
11C	20.4 m	[11C]CO2,15 , 22,23,53-80 [11C]glutamine,73 [11C]indole,73 [11C]indole-3-acetic acid,73 [11C]indole-3-acetonitrile,73 [11C]indole-3-acetamide,73 [11C]methionine,36,45 [11C]methyl jasmonate78
13N	9.97 m	[13N]N2,38,41,47,51 [13N]NO3 −,20,24,37,41,43,44,46,48 [13N]NH4 +,42
15O	122.2 s	[15O]H2O27,29,30,32-35
18F	109.8 m	[18F]F−,2,25,26,28,31,32 [18F]FDG,21,81,82,84-86 [18F]fluorodeoxysucrose ([18F]FDS),83,87 [18F]phenylboronic acid97
22Na	2.605 y	[22Na]Na+,94
48V	15.98 d	[48V]VO4 −3, 25 , 95
52Mn	5.59 d	[52Mn]Mn2+, 50
52Fe	8.28 h	[52Fe]Fe2+,40 [52Fe]Fe3+-deoxymugineic acid,40,51 [52Fe]Fe3+-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)39
62Zn	9.22 h	[62Zn]Zn2+,93 [62Zn]Zn2+-deoxymugineic acid49
64Cu	12.7 h	[64Cu]Cu2+,52 [64Cu]CuO 88
107Cd	6.52 h	[107Cd]Cd2+,89-92,93,96

Parentheses are not used to denote references here.