Table 3.
Trends over time (1986–2016) for G7 and PIGS countries for key indicators (with βp = 3.0)
| GDPHRWKD | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 39.2 | 43.9 | 47.9 | 52.9 | 57.1 | 57.0 | 58.9 |
| Germany | 36.5 | 42.1 | 46.9 | 52.0 | 55.4 | 57.4 | 60.0 |
| Greece | 23.7 | 25.5 | 26.0 | 30.1 | 33.5 | 31.9 | 30.9 |
| Ireland | 24.4 | 30.9 | 37.3 | 45.7 | 52.2 | 64.9 | 82.1 |
| Italy | 36.9 | 40.5 | 44.9 | 47.5 | 47.5 | 47.4 | 47.7 |
| Portugal | 20.3 | 24.2 | 26.1 | 28.1 | 29.9 | 31.8 | 32.3 |
| Spain | 35.2 | 37.2 | 41.1 | 40.9 | 41.6 | 44.9 | 47.1 |
| United Kingdom | 30.0 | 32.1 | 37.2 | 42.1 | 46.8 | 47.6 | 48.1 |
| Canada | 34.9 | 35.8 | 38.4 | 42.8 | 45.3 | 47.0 | 48.9 |
| Japan | 23.3 | 29.0 | 32.3 | 35.7 | 38.4 | 39.6 | 41.5 |
| United States | 40.0 | 42.4 | 45.6 | 51.1 | 57.3 | 62.1 | 63.5 |
| Harmonised unemployment rate (HUR) | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 10.6 | 9.6 | 12.4 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 10.1 |
| Germany | 5.5 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 5.8 | 4.1 | |
| Greece | 10.7 | 9.0 | 17.9 | 23.6 | |||
| Ireland | 16.8 | 14.8 | 11.7 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 15.4 | 8.4 |
| Italy | 8.9 | 8.5 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 11.7 |
| Portugal | 8.8 | 4.2 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 8.9 | 12.9 | 11.2 |
| Spain | 15.5 | 19.9 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 21.4 | 19.7 | |
| United Kingdom | 11.2 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 4.8 |
| Canada | 9.7 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.0 |
| Japan | 2.8 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.1 |
| United States | 7.0 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 9.0 | 4.9 |
| SLPI (α = 0.5) | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 37.66 | 42.36 | 45.59 | 51.32 | 55.39 | 55.21 | 56.80 |
| Germany | 41.51 | 45.45 | 50.65 | 53.33 | 56.58 | 59.65 | |
| Greece | 28.95 | 32.43 | 29.44 | 27.60 | |||
| Ireland | 22.69 | 28.98 | 35.61 | 45.45 | 51.69 | 60.71 | 79.86 |
| Italy | 35.77 | 39.31 | 43.02 | 46.04 | 46.60 | 46.12 | 45.57 |
| Portugal | 19.66 | 24.07 | 25.51 | 27.76 | 28.97 | 30.20 | 30.92 |
| Spain | 34.81 | 37.52 | 39.29 | 40.43 | 40.68 | 43.04 | |
| United Kingdom | 28.73 | 31.22 | 36.26 | 41.68 | 46.24 | 46.40 | 47.66 |
| Canada | 33.74 | 34.44 | 37.06 | 41.88 | 44.55 | 45.91 | 47.91 |
| Japan | 23.29 | 29.18 | 32.19 | 35.34 | 38.20 | 39.26 | 41.51 |
| United States | 39.18 | 41.54 | 45.00 | 50.67 | 56.86 | 60.23 | 62.84 |
| Percentage reduction of SLPI (α = 0.5) on GDPHRWKD | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 3.9% | 3.4% | 4.8% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.6% |
| Germany | 1.3% | 3.1% | 2.5% | 3.8% | 1.5% | 0.6% | |
| Greece | 4.0% | 3.1% | 7.7% | 10.6% | |||
| Ireland | 7.1% | 6.1% | 4.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 6.4% | 2.8% |
| Italy | 3.0% | 2.8% | 4.2% | 3.1% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 4.5% |
| Portugal | 3.0% | 0.6% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 3.0% | 5.1% | 4.2% |
| Spain | 6.4% | 8.7% | 3.9% | 2.8% | 9.5% | 8.6% | |
| United Kingdom | 4.2% | 2.9% | 2.5% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 2.6% | 0.9% |
| Canada | 3.4% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 2.2% | 1.7% | 2.3% | 2.1% |
| Japan | − 0.1% | − 0.5% | 0.2% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.1% |
| United States | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.2% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 3.1% | 1.0% |