Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients
| Study Population below the Median Renin |
P Value | Study Population above the Median Renin |
P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment with Placebo (n = 63) | Treatment with Angiotensin II (n = 64) | Treatment with Placebo (n = 73) | Treatment with Angiotensin II (n = 55) | |||
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 66 (53–75) | 61.5 (51–74) | 0.51* | 63 (51–75) | 62 (50–72) | 0.66* |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.20† | 0.21† | ||||
| F | 20 (31.7) | 28 (43.8) | 26 (35.6) | 26 (47.3) | ||
| M | 43 (68.3) | 36 (56.3) | 47 (64.4) | 29 (52.7) | ||
| Race, n (%) | 1.00† | 0.20† | ||||
| White | 52 (82.5) | 53 (82.8) | 54 (74.0) | 46 (83.6) | ||
| Nonwhite | 11 (17.5) | 11 (17.2) | 19 (26.0) | 9 (16.4) | ||
| Baseline albumin (g/dl), median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.8–2.8) | 2.2 (1.6–2.6) | 0.21* | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 0.75* |
| Baseline MELD, median (IQR) | 22 (15–25) | 20 (14–25) | 0.26* | 23 (20–28) | 22 (18–26) | 0.09* |
| Baseline MAP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 66.7 (64.0–68.7) | 66.0 (63.7–67.9) | 0.40* | 66.3 (62.3–68.0) | 66.7 (63.3–69.7) | 0.28* |
| Baseline APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 29 (20–34) | 27 (22–33) | 0.70* | 31 (25–36) | 28 (22–34) | 0.14* |
| ARDS,‡n (%) | 17 (27.0) | 17 (27.0) | 1.00 | 28 (38.4) | 13 (23.6) | 0.088 |
| Medical history, sepsis, n (%) | 56 (88.9) | 50 (78.1) | 0.15† | 57 (78.1) | 42 (76.4) | 0.83† |
| Recent ARB exposure, n (%) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (6.3) | 0.68† | 7 (9.6) | 3 (5.5) | 0.51† |
| Recent ACEi exposure, n (%) | 5 (7.9) | 2 (3.1) | 0.27† | 8 (11.0) | 10 (18.2) | 0.31† |
| Severe AKI, n (%) | 14 (22.2) | 18 (28.1) | 0.54† | 41 (56.2) | 21 (38.2) | 0.05† |
| ESRD, n (%) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (6.3) | 0.68† | 1 (1.4) | 2 (3.6) | 0.58† |
| Baseline NED, μg/kg/min, median (IQR) | 0.29 (0.22–0.49) | 0.32 (0.22–0.54) | 0.40* | 0.40 (0.29–0.69) | 0.36 (0.23–0.50) | 0.06* |
| Angiotensin I, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 85.6 (36.70–173.00) | 133.0 (44.10–356.00) | 0.15* | 602 (238–1,110) | 655 (304.5–1,375) | 0.45* |
| Angiotensin II, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 52.4 (24.60–137.00) | 98.2 (24.50–168.00) | 0.35* | 108 (16.7–523) | 151 (41.4–439) | 0.46* |
| Baseline angiotensin I/II ratio, median (IQR) | 1.25 (0.79–2.39) | 1.34 (0.91–2.59) | 0.70* | 3.41 (1.17–10.39) | 3.01 (1.17–12.43) | 0.96* |
Definition of abbreviations: ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AKI = acute kidney injury; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; IQR = interquartile range; MAP = mean arterial pressure; MELD = Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NED = norepinephrine equivalent dose.
ACEi exposure was determined by the presence of an ACEi in the medical chart within 7 days before study enrollment.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Fisher’s exact test.
ARDS was determined by chest X-ray reading. Patients with ARDS noted on their chest X-ray during screening were denoted as having ARDS.