Table 1.

Studies performed on blood samples for COVID-19 viral RNA detection

Study	Sample types	Detection rate %	RNA extraction method	RNA detection method	Confirmed test	Stage of disease	Refs.
Zheng et al.	Serum	41	MagNA Pure 96	RT-qPCR	Sputum and saliva samples	After admission	[12]
Wölfel et al.	Serum	0	–	RT-qPCR	Oro- or naso-pharyngeal swab specimens	Between 2 and 4 days after the onset of symptoms	[17]
Ling et al.	Serum	0	Magnetic bead-method nucleic acid extraction kit	RT-qPCR	Oropharyngeal swab	After admission	[18]
Zhang et al.	Whole blood and serum	Whole blood: 40 Serum: 20	High Pure Viral RNA Kit (Roche)	RT-qPCR	Oral swabs and anti-SARSr-CoV IgG and IgM ELISA test	After admission	[20]
Wang et al	Blood	1	–	RT-qPCR	Nasopharyngeal swabs	1 to 3 days after hospital admission	[23]
Chen et al	Serum	10.4	–	RT-qPCR	Throat swabs	Immediately after admission	[15]
Chen et al	Blood	10.5	Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Da’an Gene Corporation, Cat: DA0630)	RT-qPCR	Anal and pharyngeal swab	_	[16]
Huang et al	Plasma	15	Direct-zol RNA Miniprep kit	RT-qPCR	Laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing	_	[13]
Peng et al	Blood	22.2	Nucleic Acid Extraction and Purification Kit (SUPI‐1017; Supbio, Guangzhou, China)	RT-qPCR	Oropharyngeal swabs	After admission	[10]
Lescure et al	Serum	0	Extraction NucleoSpin Dx Virus kit (Macherey Nagel, Düren, Germany)	RT-qPCR	Nasopharyngeal swabs	After hospital admission	[24]
Kujawski et al	Serum	9.09	–	RT-qPCR and whole genome sequencing	Nasopharyngeal swabs and f laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2	After admission	[11]
Chan et al	Serum	16.6	QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)	RT-qPCR	CT scan and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2	_	[25]

RT-qPCR reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction