Table 2.
Individual and country-level factors of participating dental academics and their association with knowledge score
| Factors | N (%) | Knowledge score EM (SE) |
B (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level factor | |||||
| Sex | Male | 911 (45.3) | 73.01 (0.37) | −0.47 (−1.45, 0.51) | 0.34 |
| Female | 1099 (54.7) | 73.48 (0.34) | Reference | – | |
| Age | 25–35 | 706 (34.5) | 72.85 (0.42) | −2.85 (−5.36, − 0.34) | 0.03* |
| > 35–45 | 664 (32.5) | 73.49 (0.43) | −2.21 (−4.72, 0.31) | 0.09 | |
| > 45–55 | 354 (17.3) | 72.87 (0.59) | −2.83 (−5.47, − 0.19) | 0.04* | |
| > 55–65 | 236 (11.5) | 73.29 (0.73) | −2.41 (−5.17, 0.36) | 0.09 | |
| > 65 | 85 (4.2) | 75.70 (1.21) | Reference | – | |
| Living arrangements | With parents | 335 (16.4) | 70.93 (0.61) | −1.99 (−3.84, −0.13) | 0.04* |
| With partner/ spouse | 1301 (63.6) | 74.17 (0.31) | 1.25 (−0.30, 2.79) | 0.11 | |
| Shared accommodation | 76 (3.7) | 72.01 (1.27) | −0.91 (−3.78, 1.96) | 0.53 | |
| Other | 101 (4.9) | 70.50 (1.19) | −2.42 (−5.01, 0.17) | 0.07 | |
| Alone | 232 (11.3) | 72.92 (0.73) | Reference | – | |
| Specialization | Specialist | 1735 (84.8) | 21.33 (0.08) | 0.58 (0.20) | 0.003* |
| No-specialist | 310 (15.2) | 20.74 (0.18) | Reference | – | |
| Highest academic degree | PhD | 897 (43.9) | 73.95 (0.37) | 1.88 (0.62, 3.15) | 0.004* |
| MSc | 703 (34.4) | 73.06 (0.42) | 1.00 (−0.33, 2.32) | 0.14 | |
| BDS | 445 (21.8) | 72.07 (0.53) | Reference | – | |
| Number of years in academia | < 5 | 530 (25.9) | 73.25 (0.48) | −0.16 (−1.62, 1.30) | 0.83 |
| 5–10 | 597 (29.2) | 72.93 (0.46) | −0.48 (− 1.91, 0.94) | 0.51 | |
| 11–20 | 527 (25.8) | 73.43 (0.49) | 0.02 (−1.44, 1.48) | 0.98 | |
| 21+ | 391 (19.1) | 73.41 (0.56) | Reference | – | |
| Number of courses coordinated: mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.7) | – | −0.21 (−0.48, 0.07) | 0.15 | |
| Number of students per semester | None | 131 (6.4) | 70.20 (0.97) | Reference | – |
| 1–49 | 506 (24.7) | 73.96 (0.49) | 1.09 (0.47, 1.71)* | 0.001* | |
| 50–100 | 663 (32.4) | 73.17 (0.43) | 0.86 (0.25, 1.47)* | 0.005* | |
| 101–200 | 370 (18.1) | 73.30 (0.58) | 0.90 (0.25, 1.54)* | 0.006* | |
| 201+ | 375 (18.3) | 73.36 (0.57) | 0.92 (0.27, 1.56)* | 0.005* | |
| Number of patients seen daily | None | 224 (11.0) | 72.17 (0.74) | Reference | – |
| 1–10 | 943 (46.1) | 72.51 (0.36) | 0.10 (−0.37, 0.57) | 0.68 | |
| 11–20 | 525 (25.7) | 74.78 (0.48) | 0.76 (0.25, 1.26)* | 0.003* | |
| 21–30 | 156 (7.6) | 72.61 (0.89) | 0.13 (−0.53, 0.79) | 0.70 | |
| 31+ | 197 (9.6) | 74.29 (0.79) | 0.61 (−0.003, 1.23) | 0.05 | |
| Training for public health emergencies | No | 1064 (52) | 73.43 (0.34) | 0.41 (−0.56, 1.38) | 0.40 |
| Yes | 981 (48) | 73.02 (0.36) | Reference | – | |
| Administrative position | No | 972 (47.5) | 73.34 (0.36) | 0.20 (−0.77, 1.17) | 0.68 |
| Yes | 1073 (52.5) | 73.14 (0.34) | Reference | – | |
| Country-level factor | |||||
| Number of cases COVID-19 per million population: mean (SD) | 972.9 (1123.1) | – | 0.002 (0.002, 0.003) | < 0.0001* | |
Abbreviations: EM Estimated means based on unadjusted multilevel linear models with country as a random effect, SE Standard error, B Regression coefficient, CI Confidence interval
*: Statistically significant at P < 0.05