Figure 1.

Schematic representation of HIF-regulated pathways

HIF-1 is involved in embryonic development, apoptosis, glucose metabolism, angiogenesis and cancer metastasis, among others. HIF-2 is involved in the growth and metastasis of neuroblastomas, in the expression genes related to angiogenesis and vascular function, as well as erythropoiesis. The role of HIF-3 is less clear, but it has been reported to be involved in the regulation of erythropoietin expression and in the inhibition of activity of HIF-1 and HIF-2. Green arrows indicate upregulation of the elements indicated in the corresponding boxes.