. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 2.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Apr;66(2):353–367. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.006

Table 4.

Nonpharmacologic care of the maternal-infant dyad affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome

Assessment Functioning of the:	With the Goal of:

Infant	Implementing comforting techniques and environmental modifications that decrease signs of neurobehavioral dysregulation
	Promoting the infant’s self-regulation
	Nurturing healthy development and interactive capabilities

Mother	Promoting maternal self-regulation
	Encouraging and supporting parenting confidence
	Fostering maternal ability to support her child’s healthy development and to maximize her interactional capacity

Dyad	Bidirectional communication and dyadic synchrony

Data from Velez M, Jansson LM. The opioid dependent mother and her newborn. J Addiction Med 2008;2:113-20.