| This review provides a summary of physiological concepts related to ECLS, as well as the rationale and evidence supporting the two main forms of ECLS for the treatment of ARDS: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R). It also highlight evidence on complications, limitations, the ethical dilemmas in treating patients with ECLS and discusses future key research questions and challenges for this technology. |
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