Figure 3. The distribution of z values in probabilistic bias analysis for the bias due to possible incomplete sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) case ascertainment.

Z ranged from −2.6 to −1.96, and S ranged from −48 to −38 in 95% simulation interval according to probabilistic bias analysis with 1,000,000 simulations. The systematic error rate was 2.1%.