Table VI.
Results of studies on all childhood leukemias that were not included into any data synthesis (qualitative or quantitative) and reasons for exclusion
| Infection variables | No. of study Investigating | No. of study included in data synthesis | Studies not included in any data synthesis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study ID | Year | Results | Reason for exclusion | |||
| Proxy of any infection | 14* | 12* | McKinney et al23 | 1987 | None of relative risks for influenza and urinary tract infection was >2 or reached significance at the 5% level | Did not provide exact OR and CI |
| Kumar et al37 | 2014 | OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40–1.84 | Low quality assessed by the NOS | |||
| Influenza | 7† | 6† | McKinney et al23 | 1987 | None of the relative risks was greater than 2 or reached significance at the 5% level | Did not provide exact OR and CI |
| Viral infection | 6‡ | 6‡ | None | – | ||
| Urinary tract infection | 4§ | 3§ | McKinney et al23 | 1987 | None of the relative risks was greater than 2 or reached significance at the 5% level | Did not provide exact OR and CI |
| Rubella | 3 | 3 | None | – | ||
| CMV | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| Varicella | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| EBV | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| Genitourinary infection | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| Herpes simplex | 2¶ | 2¶ | None | – | ||
| Herpes zoster | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| Infectious hepatitis | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| Mumps | 2 | 2 | None | – | ||
| BKV | 1 | Madden et al49 | 1983 | OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.01–8.39 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 1 | Lehtinen et al40 | 2005 | OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.2–2 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Fungal infection | 1 | McKinney et al43 | 1999 | OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.06–1.26 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Helicobacter pylori | 1 | Lehtinen et al40 | 2005 | OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5–2.4 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| HHV-6 | 1 | Lehtinen et al41 | 2003 | OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–1.2 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Lower genital tract infection | 1 | Naumburg et al42 | 2002 | OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.17–2.72 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Sexually transmitted diseases | 1 | Kwan et al32 | 2007 | OR, 7.59; 95% CI, 1.58–36.56 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| vulvar warts | 1 | Roman et al45 | 1997 | OR, 6.03; 95% CI, 0.24–149.00 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Measles | 1 | Fine et al48 | 1985 | OR, 12.5; 95% CI, 0.59–265.15 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Miscellaneous viruses | 1 | Fine et al48 | 1985 | OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.11–48.20 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 1 | Lehtinen et al40 | 2005 | OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.5 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Respiratory tract infection | 1 | McKinney et al43 | 1999 | OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.58–3.67 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| TT virus | 1 | Leppik et al33 | 2007 | No obvious differences between cases and controls | OR cannot be calculated | |
| Any other infection | 1 | Dockerty et al44 | 1999 | OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.55–3.82 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Other infection | 1 | Naumburg et al42 | 2002 | OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.83–1.55 | Only 1 study reporting | |
| Other virus infection | 1 | Bithell et al22 | 1973 | OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.34–1.41 | Only 1 study reporting | |
TT virus, Torque teno viruses.
*
Three studies (Kumar et al37 in 2014, Naumburg et al42 in 2002, McKinney et al43 in 1999) used a variable of total infection; for other studies, we selected a specific type of infection that had the highest prevalence as any infection.
†
One study used a variable of influenza/pneumonia.
‡
One study used a variable of spontaneous viral infection.
§
One study used a variable of cystitis or kidney infection.
¶
One study used a variable of cold sores/oral herpes.