Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 stroke versus COVID-19 negative and historical ischemic stroke controls
| Characteristic or investigation | Total[n = 833] | Pre- COVID19 Ischemic Stroke(Sep 2019- Feb 2020)[n = 585, 70.2%] | Covid19 Negative Ischemic Stroke(Mar - May 2020)[n = 216, 25.9%] | Covid19 Positive Ischemic Stroke(Mar–May 2020)[n = 32, 3.8%] | P- Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and risk factors | |||||
| Age- Mean, years | 54.3 ±13.5 | 54.3 ±13.3 | 54.9 ±14.1 | 48.9 ±11.5 | 0.06 |
| Sex – Males | 675 (81.0) | 479 (81.9) | 168 (77.8) | 28 (87.5) | 0.27 |
| Females | 158 (19.0) | 106 (18.1) | 48 (22.2) | 4 (12.5) | |
| Hypertension | 603 (72.4) | 443 (75.7) | 147 (68.1) | 13 (40.6) | 0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 464 (55.7) | 334 (57.1) | 120 (55.6) | 10 (31.3) | 0.02 |
| Dyslipidemia | 472 (56.7) | 345 (59.0) | 124 (57.4) | 3 (9.4) | 0.0001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 98 (11.8) | 70 (12.0) | 24 (11.1) | 4 (12.5) | 0.94 |
| Atrial Fibrillation on Admission | 83 (10.0) | 63 (10.8) | 18 (8.3) | 2 (6.3) | 0.46 |
| History of Stroke | 98 (11.8) | 72 (12.3) | 26 (12.0) | 0 | 0.11 |
| Active Smoking | 236 (28.3) | 181 (30.9) | 51 (23.6) | 4 (12.5) | 0.02 |
| Stroke Classification | |||||
| TOAST Classification | |||||
| Small Vessel Disease | 343 (41.2) | 258 (44.1) | 80 (37.0) | 5 (15.6) | 0.0001 |
| Large Vessel Disease | 149 (17.9) | 84 (14.4) | 52 (24.1) | 13 (40.6) | |
| Cardio-Embolic | 216 (25.9) | 151 (25.8) | 57 (26.4) | 8 (25.0) | |
| Stroke of Determined Origin | 42 (5.0) | 32 (5.5) | 10 (4.6) | 0 | |
| Stroke of Undetermined Origin | 83 (10.0) | 60 (10.3) | 17 (7.9) | 6 (18.8) | |
| Bamford Classification | |||||
| Total Anterior Circulation Stroke | 82 (9.8) | 59 (10.1) | 12 (5.6) | 11 (34.4) | 0.0001 |
| Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke | 237 (28.5) | 162 (27.7) | 67 (31.0) | 8 (25.0) | |
| Lacunar Strokes | 294 (35.3) | 206 (35.2) | 78 (36.1) | 10 (31.1) | |
| Posterior Circulation Stroke | 220 (26.4) | 158 (27.0) | 59 (27.3) | 3 (9.4) | |
| IV Thrombolysis Given | 74 (8.9) | 54 (9.2) | 17 (7.9) | 3 (9.4) | 0.83 |
| Thrombectomy Done | 24 (2.9) | 20 (3.4) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (3.1) | 0.31 |
| ICU care needed | 60 (7.2) | 41 (7.0) | 5 (2.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0.0001 |
| NIHSS Severity | |||||
| Mild Stroke (NIHSS 4 or less) | 533 (64.0) | 390 (66.7) | 133 (61.6) | 10 (31.3) | 0.001 |
| Moderate Stroke (NIHSS 5-10) | 164 (19.7) | 106 (18.1) | 47 (21.8) | 11 (34.4) | |
| Severe Stroke (NIHSS > 10) | 136 (16.3) | 89 (15.2) | 36 (16.7) | 11 (34.4) | |
| NIHSS on admission | 5.5 ±6.4 | 5.2 ±6.3 | 5.6 ±6.1 | 9.8 ±7.9 | 0.0001 |
| NIHSS At Discharge | 4.3 ±5.8 | 3.8 ±5.3 | 4.7 ±5.9 | 11.3 ±8.7 | 0.0001 |
| HbA1c on Admission | 7.4 ±2.2 | 7.3 ±2.1 | 7.7 ±2.6 | 7.3 ±2.7 | 0.09 |
| Length of Stay | 5.5 ±5.8 | 5.5 ±5.9 | 4.6 ±4.0 | 10.9 ±10.8 | 0.0001 |
| Prognosis – At Discharge | |||||
| Good (mRS 0-2) | 469 (56.3) | 348 (59.5) | 112 (51.9) | 9 (28.1) | 0.001 |
| Poor (mRS 3-6) | 364 (43.7) | 237 (40.5) | 104 (48.1) | 23 (71.9) | 0.001 |
| Mortality – At Discharge | 16 (1.9) | 12 (2.1) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (3.1) | 0.73 |
NIHSS- National Institute of Heath Stroke Scale, mRS- Modified Rankin Score, IV- Intravenous, ICU- Intensive Care Unit