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. 2020 Nov 2;68(1):43–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.039

Table 1.

Themes and example quotes from open-ended responses about experiences with COVID-19

“Regarding the situation with COVID-19 and social distancing, what has been the hardest thing for you mentally and emotionally/for your relationships with family and friends?”
n = 309 Less In-Person Interaction
 Missing friends or family
 • “My mom was no longer able to take a flight to my state to visit me.” (Native American female, 17)
 • “Not connecting with my friends.” (white male, 16)
 • “The hardest thing is not having my friends around I don’t feel normal anymore.” (African American female, 16)
 • “Not seeing my best friend who lives about a half hour away which is making me very emotional about missing her.” (white female, 14)
 • “We have a large group of friends who get along very good together. I miss being with them all together.” (white female, 16)
 • “It is so hard not seeing my friends and not being able to go out and have fun.” (white female, 15)
 • “I just really miss my friends and my relationship.” (Hispanic female, 14)
 • “Not being able to see and talk to my friends in person really puts a strain on your friendship.” (African American female, 16)
 • “Not seeing my friends before I graduate and head off [to college].” (white male, 14)
 • “We don’t have Sunday dinner together anymore I miss everyone being at my house.” (African American female, 14)
 Electronic communication is not the same
 • “I need to have face-to-face interaction with my friends.” (white female, 16)
 • “We can only contact by social media.” (Asian American female, 14)
 • “I only get to talk to them through snapchat and on the phone.” (white female, 14)
 • “All my friends are still in touch on social media but it sucks not being able to go get a burger or something.” (African American male, 15)
 • “We communicate about the same but it's not the same as seeing them in person and getting a hug from my grandma.” (white female, 16)
 • “With social distancing and the schools closed and the state curfew, I don’t see my friends anymore. Video chats are OK but being in someone's physical presence, that is how friendship and bonds are made and sustained.” (African American male, 15)
 • “I don’t get to see my friends face to face. I don’t get to talk to them. Texting is a lot different than having a real conversation.” (white female, 14)
 • “Not being able to see them, just video chat. Not the same.” (Hispanic female, 15)
 • “With friends it's been a strain the only real time we spend is through online gaming.” (Hispanic male, 14)
 Feeling Disconnected/Isolated
 • “I haven’t been able to see my friends but I have been talking to them online everyday and for some reason I've recently been feeling like they don’t actually care about me that much.” (white female, 14)
 • “With friends it's we can't hang out, so like idk guys don’t talk on the phone we want to hang out and chill in person. So there isn’t much communication going on.” (white male, 17)
 • “With my friends, no one talks to me anymore.” (Hispanic male, 14)
 • “It's been very hard to keep connected with my friends, it feels like we are drifting.” (white female, 14)
 • I miss my friends, our communication is not the same.” (Hispanic female, 15)
 • “I think maybe some friends might loose [sic] contact with me.” (white female, 14)
 Don't have an outlet
 • “[Not] having good outlets when I do feel down or upset.” (white male, 16)
 • “Being away from my relationship and my friends. Being at school helped me relax and calm down. It was my break…” (African American female, 14)
 • “Not having my friends to vent to when I need it.” (white female, 16)
n = 117 Not Getting Out
 Not going places
 • “Staying inside, my mom only goes out for only absolutely needed things I have not been anywhere since March 10.” (white female, 14)
 • “Not being able to go out in public.” (white male, 16)
 • “Just the lack of going out for even a movie.” (white female, 14)
 • “We can't even leave to go do anything. I can't even go to the store with my mom bc of this. I can't work to earn money for a car, like everything is ruined and what's the point anymore.” (white male, 17)
 Missing out on activities
 • “It is hard emotionally because I miss all of the fun activities like chorus and doing the spring musical and all my music friends.” (white female, 15)
 • “Not being able to play in my basketball team, this makes me really angry, sad, and depressed.” (Hispanic female, 15)
 Cooped up and isolated
 • “Sitting in the house all day and not really talking. My mom sleeps and my dad tinkers in the basement.” (African American male, 15)
 • “I am alone a lot. (white female, 15)
 • “I feel isolated” (white male, 14)
 • “Being cooped up inside and board [sic].” (white male, 16)
 • “These changes are not good for me. I feel like I am in jail.” (Hispanic male, 17)
n = 81 Too much family time
 • “My parents always know what I am doing it's hard to have privacy.” (Hispanic male, 15)
 • “To actually get private time relaxing in my room. Everyone is home so there's always noise and someone knocking at my door.” (white female, 14)
 • “Spending too much time at home everyone is on edge.” (white male, 14)
 • “I spent time with my mom a lot before, now we're both so stressed and agitated that it’s putting a strain on our relationship.” (white male, 17)
 • “I fight with my siblings a lot more.” (African American/white female, 14)
 • “My family is annoyed because we are all spending so much time together.” (white female, 15)
 • “My family supports me but it has been hard to have them all day long watching over me.” (Hispanic male, 17)
 • “We're all home and can't go anywhere so we get kind of irritated and feel caged.” (white male, 14)
 • “I'm with my family ALL THE TIME. We get on each other's nerves.” (white male, 16)
n = 47 COVID-Related Angst
 • “I'm worrying about my parents and grandparents getting Covid-19. Will they survive it? I'm afraid to hug my parents and grandparents. I could have it and be asymptomatic.” (African American male, 15)
 • “Worry that I might catch and give it to my mom. She has 3 different auto-immunes.” (white female, 15)
 • “A few of my family members got sick and I thought they were going to die.” (African American female, 14)
 • “I'm scared of getting the virus.” (white male, 15)
 • “I feel helpless because so many people are getting sick.” (Asian American female, 16)
 • “I feel so helpless that we cannot do anything about it” (Asian American male, 15)
 • “I feel like after all this happens, I won’t look at things the same way” (Hispanic male, 16)
 • “Just keeping calm from everything I hear on TV about COVID-19” (white male, 16)
 • “I worry about what's gonna happen to our economy” (white female, 16)
 • “This makes me sad, it is difficult to understand what is happening it's like we are part of a horror movie…” (Hispanic female, 15)
 • “I'm nervous and sometimes I don’t know how to deal with it. My family doesn’t know how to deal with it either.” (Hispanic female, 14)
 • “I cannot go to my great grandma's house (she is 87). Everyone is worried about germs with her.” (white female, 14)
n = 28 In a Funk
 • “I don’t feel like doing anything and I miss my friends.” (Hispanic male, 15)
 • “Being able to stay happy and find reasons to get out of bed. Life has gotten very boring.” (white female, 14)
 • “I sleep too much and have no schedule.” (white female, 15)
 • “Having too much empty time at home.” (white female, 14)
 • “I feel sad and bored.” (Hispanic male, 15)
 • “Makes me lonely and depressed.” (African American/white female, 16)
 • “Little harder to get through the day.” (white female, 15)
n = 20 School Stress
 • “Being able to get all of my daily school work done on time, it's mentally draining me…” (white female, 14)
 • “Trying to focus on school work while worrying about staying safe.” (African American male, 17)
 • “Stressing over my grades staying up” (white male, 14)
n = 13 No Difficulties
 • “Nothing comes to mind…” (African American male, 17)
 • “Honestly, nothing.” (white female, 17)
“Have any of these changes been good for you mentally and emotionally/for your relationships with family or friends?”
n = 169 There are No Benefits
 • “No” (white female, 14)
 • “Not at all, truth be told” (African American male, 17)
 • “It's just been hard” (white male, 14)
 • “No, it has mostly been bad mentally and emotionally” (Hispanic female, 15)
 • “Not really, I get a little depressed sometimes because I'm missing out on my high school years.” (white male, 14)
n = 91 More Time with Family
 • “Getting to spend more time with my dad because he doesn’t have to go to work.” (white male, 16)
 • “It's brought me closer to my brother.” (white male, 15)
 • “We do a lot together, my dad is getting creative ways to get us learn and things for us to do.” (Hispanic male, 15)
 • “I still have my mom and dad here with me. My dad still helps me work on my baseball skills.” (Hispanic male, 14)
 • “Helping my mom more.” (white male, 14)
 • “It made me talk to my parents a lot more so I have a better understanding of family stuff.” (white female, 14)
 • “My relationship with my parents and other relatives seems much better. We're all talking much more, about the news, each other, emotional stuff.” (African American male, 15)
 • “With my father, I find that he cares more for me than I thought” (African American female, 17)
 • “Yes, I love being with my mom.” (white female, 14)
 • “Spending more time with my brother has been fun.” (white female, 17)
 • “Yes I have a better bond with my mother and sister although my sister still gets on my nerves lol.” (African American male, 16)
 • “I get to spend more time with my family and brother and sister, which is nice. But they still drive me nuts.” (white male, 14)
 • “Maybe cuz my parents kinda know me a little better now.” (white male, 16)
n = 40 More Time for Myself
 More clarity
 • “I have been able to focus more on self-care which is good for my physical and mental health.” (white female, 14)
 • “I guess I can say that this time has given me the opportunity to think and realize how important people are to me.” (African American female, 16)
 • “I'm trying to learn how to meditate.” (African American male, 15)
 • “I guess I now feel a bit more relaxed than usual” (African American male, 15)
 • “I have more time to think about how to be a better person by the time this is over.” (Hispanic male, 15)
 Fewer social stressors
 • “Not going to school means not being bullied so I'm good.” (white male, 16)
 • “No friend drama.” (white female, 17)
 • “More time for myself without hearing friends problems” (African American/white female, 17)
 Do activities that I want
 • “So good for me, I have had a lot of time to myself to focus on myself and I think it's amazing.” (white female, 15)
 • “I am able to exercise more.” (Asian American male, 15)
 • “I really enjoy the me-time a lot.” (white male, 14)
 • “I get to sleep more and I like that.” (African American/white male, 14)
n = 19 Improved Friendships
 • “It has been good for our friendships that we can now talk about more personal things going on, such as how we are impacted by covid-19.” (white female, 14)
 • “Some changes have been good because I don’t hang around people that's not good for me.” (African American female, 16)
 • “I now know who my best friends are because we try to connect daily.” (African American male, 15)
 • “Makes me appreciate my friends more.” (Hispanic female, 15)