Table 1.
Health workers’ feelings (score: 1–5), factors that caused stress among health workers (score: 1–5), factors that reduced stress among health workers (score: 1–4), health workers’ personal coping mechanisms (score: 1–5), and factors that motivated health workers (score: 1–4) during the COVID-19 outbreak.
| No | Feelings of Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Average Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Feel that you have to do work because this is your job as a health professional, and you need to fulfill your ethical obligations. | 97.9 | 2.1 | 4.22 (0.69) |
| 2 | You appreciate that hospitals give special rewards for your work. | 97.9 | 2.1 | 4.19 (0.868) |
| 3 | You appreciate the existence of financial compensation during this pandemic. | 91.5 | 8.5 | 3.64 (1.259) |
| 4 | You don’t like to do overtime work. | 83.9 | 16.1 | 2.91 (1.213) |
| 5 | If you could choose, you would choose not to work in a unit where you are exposed to this COVID-19. | 82.2 | 17.8 | 2.86 (1.230) |
| 6 | You have noticed that health workers outside your unit avoid suspect/positive COVID-19 patients. | 78.8 | 21.2 | 2.73 (1.263) |
| 7 | You feel angry because your workload is increasing compared to staff who are not exposed to COVID-19. | 67.8 | 32.2 | 2.18 (1.132) |
| 8 | You feel that staff who are not directly exposed to this disease stay away from you. | 47.5 | 52.5 | 1.76 (0.978) |
| 9 | During this pandemic, you at least once to take time off due to illness. | 46.6 | 53.4 | 1.78 (1.042) |
| No | Factors That Caused Stress among Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Average Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You have to wear PPE every day. | 96.2 | 3.8 | 3.96 (1.053) |
| 2 | You hear reports of new cases in the media. | 92.4 | 7.6 | 3.46 (1.097) |
| 3 | There is a lack of staff. | 87.7 | 12.3 | 3.29 (1.255) |
| 4 | You do not know when COVID-19 will be brought under control. | 87.3 | 12.7 | 3.17 (1.253) |
| 5 | You feel that there are no adequate protective measures (e.g., PPE) against COVID-19. | 86.4 | 13.6 | 3.23 (1.321) |
| 6 | You see that your coworkers are stressed or scared. | 85.2 | 14.8 | 3.00 (1.203) |
| 7 | A small mistake or losing concentration for a short time can cause you to contract the disease. | 84.3 | 15.7 | 3.19 (1.301) |
| 8 | You could transmit the virus to your family or friends. | 83.1 | 16.9 | 3.2 (1.343) |
| 9 | You feel emotionally tired. | 82.2 | 17.8 | 2.95 (1.252) |
| 10 | You feel stressed every time you are exposed to a new patient. | 82.2 | 17.8 | 2.78 (1.145) |
| 11 | You feel conflicted between carrying out your tasks and maintaining your personal safety. | 81.4 | 18.6 | 2.96 (1.254) |
| 12 | You are experiencing stress/physical fatigue. | 81.4 | 18.6 | 2.89 (1.233) |
| 13 | You feel stressed when you see your coworkers being treated for the disease. | 80.1 | 19.9 | 2.81 (1.211) |
| 14 | You feel stressed when taking care of coworkers who are sick because of COVID-19. | 73.3 | 26.7 | 2.52 (1.225) |
| 15 | You feel stressed when a colleague displays the same symptoms as the symptoms of COVID-19. | 59.7 | 40.3 | 2.10 (1.112) |
| 16 | You have experienced symptoms of respiratory distress and are afraid of suffering from COVID-19. | 54.7 | 45.3 | 2.15 (1.302) |
| 17 | You have a viral infection from a patient in the hospital. | 36.0 | 64.0 | 1.67 (1.053) |
| No | Factors That Reduced Stress among Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Average Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All health professionals work together on the frontlines to overcome COVID-19. | 93.7 | 6.4 | 3.46 (0.680) |
| 2 | No staff has contracted the virus after taking strict precautions. | 93.2 | 6.8 | 3.24 (0.609) |
| 3 | Your colleagues in your department have a positive attitude. | 91.5 | 8.5 | 3.22 (0.692) |
| 4 | Improved patient health conditions | 90.7 | 9.3 | 3.21 (0.608) |
| 5 | Clear guidelines from the hospital regarding infection prevention | 86.4 | 13.6 | 3.17 (0.704) |
| 6 | Your family members and friends outside the hospital are not infected with the virus. | 85.2 | 14.8 | 3.17 (0.722) |
| 7 | Your infected partner gets better. | 84.7 | 15.3 | 3.09 (0.690) |
| 8 | The hospital provides self-protection equipment to staff. | 81.8 | 18.2 | 3.15 (0.814) |
| 9 | The decreasing number of cases reported in the news | 75.0 | 25.0 | 2.92 (0.842) |
| 10 | You trust the staff in your hospital to care for you if you find that you are infected with COVID-19. | 61.0 | 39.0 | 2.71 (0.866) |
| No | Personal Coping Mechanisms Used by Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Average Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You motivate yourself to face COVID-19 by adopting a positive attitude. | 98.3 | 1.7 | 4.42 (0.792) |
| 2 | You have read about COVID-19, how to prevent it, and how it spreads. | 98.3 | 1.7 | 4.30 (0.798) |
| 3 | You follow the appropriate steps to protect yourself (mask, gown, etc.) | 98.3 | 1.7 | 4.19 (0.967) |
| 4 | You avoid public places to minimize exposure to COVID-19. | 97.9 | 2.1 | 4.24 (0.873) |
| 5 | You keep yourself busy at home to stay away from COVID-19. | 97.5 | 2.5 | 3.94 (0.989) |
| 6 | You store your clothes for work separately and wear hospital clothes to minimize transmission. | 91.9 | 8.1 | 4.04 (1.259) |
| 7 | You avoid overtime to reduce exposure to patients with hospital infections. | 89.0 | 11.0 | 3.34 (1.198) |
| 8 | You carry out health checks to ensure you are not infected. | 83.9 | 16.1 | 3.30 (1.389) |
| No | Factors That Motivated Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Average Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Family support | 98.7 | 1.3 | 3.81 (0.478) |
| 2 | Adequate protective equipment at the hospital | 98.3 | 1.7 | 3.79 (0.483) |
| 3 | Drugs or vaccines available for the disease | 97.5 | 2.5 | 3.72 (0.536) |
| 4 | Compensation for families if staff die due to disease infection | 95.3 | 4.7 | 3.58 (0.637) |
| 5 | Financial appreciation for the efforts that have been made | 94.9 | 5.1 | 3.51 (0.649) |
| 6 | Psychiatric help and therapy to reduce stress and anxiety | 94.9 | 5.1 | 3.46 (0.661) |
| 7 | Acknowledgment from management and supervisors for the efforts that have been made | 89.8 | 10.2 | 3.34 (0.729) |
| 8 | Not forced to do overtime work | 89.4 | 10.6 | 3.31 (0.692) |
| 9 | Consequences for staff who do not participate in dealing with the disease | 77.1 | 22.9 | 3.04 (0.829) |