Table 2.
Pandemic technology and application.
| Pandemic | Application | Device | Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV (WHO, 2006; Boulos, 2004; Braden et al., 2013) | Online camera | Camera | |
| Electronic wrist tag | Tag | ||
| Geographic information system | Mobile phone | ||
| Ebola (WHO, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c; Aliya, 2014; Louis, 2012; Randrianasolo et al., 2010; Fähnrich et al., 2015; Tom-Aba et al., 2018; Yavlinsky et al., 2020) | Surveillance systems | Mobile phone, PDA | |
| Geographic information system | Smartphone | ||
| Mobile-based digital management | Mobile phone | ||
| COVID-19 (WHO, 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Hui, 2020; Lee, 2020; Koh, 2020; Microsoft, 2020; Leite et al., 2019; Mohw.kr, 2020; Ferretti et al., 2020; Busvine, 2020; Draper, 2020; Bosch, 2020) | Tracking application | Cell phone |
|
| Temperature alert application | Wearable device, mobile phone | ||
| 2-in-1 smart detector system | Infrared scan, camera | ||
| Self-diagnosis application | Smartphone | ||
| Digital tracing application | Smartphone | ||
| Telemedicine service | Smartphone | ||
| Smartwatch application | Smartwatch | ||
| Rapid diagnostic device | Disease detector | ||
| Passenger locator | Locator card |