TABLE II.
Characteristics of 493 patients with head-and-neck cancer, overall and by smoking status at study enrolment
| Variable | Smoking status | Crude analysis | Adjusted analysisa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Overall | Current smoker | Ex-smoker (already quit) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Patients (n) | 493 | 183 | 310 | ||||
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| Sex [n (%)] | |||||||
| Men | 379 (76.9) | 139 (76.0) | 240 (77.4) | ||||
| women | 114 (23.1) | 44 (24.0) | 70 (22.6) | ||||
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| Age (years) | |||||||
| Median | 66 | 63 | 69 | ||||
| Range | 37–96 | 38–90 | 37–96 | ||||
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| Age started to smoke (years) | |||||||
| Median | 16 | 15 | 16 | ||||
| Range | 4–60 | 4–59 | 4–60 | ||||
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| ICD codes for Dx [n (%)] | |||||||
| Oral cavity (C01–C06) | 180 (36.5) | 80 (43.7) | 100 (32.3) | ||||
| Oropharynx (C09–C10) | 57 (11.6) | 20 (10.9) | 37 (11.9) | ||||
| Larynx (C32) | 89 (18.1) | 34 (18.6) | 55 (17.7) | ||||
| ICD codes not included above | 141 (28.6) | 40 (21.9) | 101 (32.6) | ||||
| D00–D44 | 17 (3.4) | 5 (2.7) | 12 (3.9) | ||||
| Missing | 9 (1.8) | 4 (2.2) | 5 (1.6) | ||||
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| Duration smoked [n (%)] | |||||||
| 1–30 Years | 189 (38.3) | 28 (15.3) | 161 (51.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 31–43 Years | 146 (29.6) | 60 (32.8) | 86 (27.7) | 4.01 | 2.39 to 6.74 | 4.81 | 2.71 to 8.53 |
| 44–75 Years | 157 (31.8) | 94 (51.4) | 63 (20.3) | 8.58 | 5.14 to 14.33 | 21.42 | 11.12 to 41.25 |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | |||||
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| |||||||
| Smoking per day [n (%)] | |||||||
| ≤10 Cigarettes | 82 (16.6) | 15 (8.2) | 67 (21.6) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 11–20 Cigarettes | 191 (38.7) | 81 (43.8) | 110 (35.5) | 3.29 | 1.75 to 6.17 | 3.24 | 1.70 to 6.18 |
| 21–30 Cigarettes | 148 (30.0) | 65 (35.5) | 83 (26.8) | 3.50 | 1.83 to 6.68 | 3.63 | 1.87 to 7.08 |
| ≥31 Cigarettes | 69 (14.0) | 22 (12.0) | 47 (15.2) | 2.09 | 0.98 to 4.48 | 2.34 | 1.07 to 5.10 |
| Missing | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.0) | |||||
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| Pack–years [n (%)] | |||||||
| ≤25 | 177 (35.9) | 35 (19.1) | 142 (45.8) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 26–50 | 178 (36.1) | 82 (44.8) | 96 (31.0) | 3.47 | 2.16 to 5.56 | 4.36 | 2.62 to 7.27 |
| ≥51 | 135 (27.4) | 66 (36.1) | 69 (22.3) | 3.88 | 2.35 to 6.40 | 6.46 | 3.66 to 11.40 |
| Missing | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.0) | |||||
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| Nicotine dependenceb [n (%)] | |||||||
| Very low (0–2) | 96 (19.5) | 14 (7.7) | 82 (26.5) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Low (3–4) | 122 (24.7) | 46 (25.1) | 76 (24.5) | 3.55 | 1.81 to 6.96 | 4.04 | 2.02 to 8.11 |
| Medium (5) | 86 (17.4) | 43 (23.5) | 43 (13.9) | 5.86 | 2.89 to 11.88 | 5.95 | 2.89 to 12.28 |
| High (6–7) | 146 (29.6) | 62 (33.9) | 84 (27.1) | 4.32 | 2.25 to 8.32 | 4.28 | 2.19 to 8.37 |
| Very high (8 to 10) | 38 (7.7) | 18 (9.8) | 20 (6.5) | 5.27 | 2.25 to 12.36 | 4.91 | 2.05 to 11.76 |
| Missing | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.6) | |||||
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| Smoking dependencec [n (%)] | |||||||
| Very low | 134 (27.2) | 26 (14.2) | 108 (34.8) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Low–moderate | 112 (22.7) | 55 (30.1) | 57 (18.4) | 4.01 | 2.28 to 7.06 | 4.09 | 2.28 to 7.33 |
| Moderate | 113 (22.9) | 47 (25.7) | 66 (21.3) | 2.96 | 1.68 to 5.22 | 2.90 | 1.62 to 5.20 |
| Very high | 132 (26.8) | 55 (30.1) | 77 (24.8) | 2.97 | 1.71 to 5.15 | 3.06 | 1.74 to 5.39 |
| Missing | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.6) | |||||
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| |||||||
| Time to first cigarette [n (%)] | |||||||
| ≥31 Minutes | 140 (28.4) | 28 (15.3) | 112 (36.1) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| ≤30 Minutes | 351 (71.2) | 155 (84.7) | 196 (63.2) | 3.16 | 1.99 to 5.03 | 3.23 | 2.00 to 5.21 |
| Missing | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.6) | |||||
a
Adjusted for age and sex.
b
By the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.
c
By the Heaviness of Smoking Index.