Figure 4.

Anti-inflammation mechanisms of LF-lipo via suppressing intracellular ROS generation and the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. (A) The reduced intracellular ROS levels in M1Φ after drug treatment. (B) Statistical analysis of ROS levels. (C) The suppressed of MAPK pathway indicated by the down-regulation of P-ERK, P-P38, and P-JNK. (D) Western blot assay of NF-κB (P-P65 and IκBα) expression. (E) The down-regulation of NLRP3, Pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β in M1Φ after treatment. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.