Table 3.

Malnutrition screening tools and objective indexes compared with malnutrition markers identified in review.

	Biochemical			Anthropometrics					Dietary intake
	Hb	Alb	CRP	Weight loss	BMI	MAC/CC	Hand-grip	CT (LSMM)	Food	Fluid
BAPEN				●	●	●			●
CNST				●					●
CONUT		●
ESPEN				●	●			●a
GNRI		●		●
INSYST				●					●
MST				●					●
MSTC				●	●				●
MUST				●	●				●
NRI		●		●
NRS-2002				●	●				●
NUFFE				●					●	●
PNI		●
SGA				●					●
SNAQ				●					●
3-MinNS				●	●

Alb albumin, BAPEN British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, BMI body mass index, CC calf circumference, CNST Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool, CONUT controlling nutritional status, CT computerised tomography, CRP C-reactive protein, ESPEN European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index, Hb haemoglobin, INSYST imperial nutrition screening system, LSMM lean skeletal muscle mass, MAC mid-arm circumference, MST malnutrition screening tool, NRS-2002 nutrition risk screening, MUST malnutrition universal screening tool, NRI nutrition risk index, NUFFE nutritional form for the elderly, PNI prognostic nutritional index, SNAQ short nutritional assessment questionnaire, SGA subjective global assessment, SNST simple nutrition screening tool, 3-MinNS 3 minute nutrition screening.

^aLow fat free mass index used instead of low skeletal muscle mass, defined as <15 kg/m² in females and <17 kg/m² in males.