Fig. 1.

TFs regulate Foxp3 expression through binding to Foxp3 cis-regulatory regions. Several conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) have been identified in the Foxp3 locus. Each of them has different function (detailed in the text). Multiple TFs are bound to different CNS regions and regulate Foxp3 super-enhancer formation, induction or stability in either a redundant or unique manner. In addition, CNS2 can form a physical loop with the Foxp3 promoter in an NFAT-dependent manner. TSS, transcription start site. ATG depicts the start site of translation