Table 1.
The Data from Experimental Design of Independent Variables for Optimization of Cs/Alg/B NPs
| Variables and Their Levels in the Experiment Design | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variables | Symbol | Levels | Dependent Variables | Units | Constraints | |||||||||||||
| −1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| pH | A | 4.8 | 5.15 | 5.5 | Y1=Particle Size (PS) Y2=Loading efficacy |
nm % |
Minimize Maximize |
|||||||||||
| Cs/Alg Mw ratio | B | 0.5 | 1. 75 | 3 | Y3=Polydispersity index (PDI) Y4=ζ-potential |
- mv |
Less than 0.5 Maximize |
|||||||||||
| Stirring rate (rpm) | C | 900 | 1100 | 1300 | Y5=Cumulative Release (CR) Y6=Morphological degradation time (MDT) |
% Day |
Maximize Maximize |
|||||||||||
| Experimental design matrix and results of Box–Behnken design | ||||||||||||||||||
| Independent variables | Dependent variables | |||||||||||||||||
| Run | A | B | C | Size (nm) | LE (%) | CR (%) | ζ-potential (mV) | PDI | MDT | |||||||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 525 | 25 | 15 | 34.3 | 0.62 | 4 | |||||||||
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 611 | 19 | 10 | 34 | 0.7 | 4 | |||||||||
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 522 | 27 | 17 | 35 | 0.65 | 4 | |||||||||
| 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 898 | 22 | 12 | 23 | 0.8 | 2 | |||||||||
| 5 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 189 | 76 | 66 | 22 | 0.4 | 14 | |||||||||
| 6 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 256 | 70 | 60 | 23 | 0.55 | 12 | |||||||||
| 7 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 557 | 22 | 15 | 38 | 0.7 | 3 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 802 | 20 | 10 | 23 | 0.72 | 2 | |||||||||
| 9 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 275 | 72 | 60 | 23 | 0.6 | 13 | |||||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 523 | 25 | 16 | 37 | 0.67 | 4 | |||||||||
| 11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 900 | 19 | 15 | 39 | 0.86 | 3 | |||||||||
| 12 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 235 | 70 | 61 | 24 | 0.5 | 13 | |||||||||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 520 | 29 | 19 | 37 | 0.61 | 5 | |||||||||
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 519 | 27 | 18 | 35 | 0.56 | 4 | |||||||||
| 15 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 501 | 25 | 18 | 33 | 0.63 | 4 | |||||||||
| 16 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 811 | 20 | 15 | 23 | 0.76 | 3 | |||||||||
| 17 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 598 | 17 | 11 | 33 | 0.68 | 4 | |||||||||
| Analysis of variance for Box–Behnken design refined models | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dependent Variables | Source of Variations | Mean Square | F-value | P-value > F | R2 | Adjusted R2 | Predicted R2 | |||||||||||
| Particle size (PS) | Model Lack of fit | 85155.65 | 534.47 | ‹0.0001 | 0.9985 | 0.9967 | 0.9772 | |||||||||||
| Polydispersity index (PDI) | Model Lack of fit | 0.020 | 8.46 | 0.0051 | 0.9158 | 0.8075 | 0.1676 | |||||||||||
| ζ-potential | Model Lack of fit | 70.90 | 45.96 | ‹0.0001 | 0.9834 | 16.074 | 0.8742 | |||||||||||
| Morphological degradation time (MDT) | Model Lack of fit | 31.53 | 196.77 | ‹0.0001 | 0.9954 | 0.9676 | 0.9896 | |||||||||||
| Cumulative release (CR) | Model Lack of fit | 765.09 | 212.10 | ‹0.0001 | 0.9963 | 0.9624 | 0.9916 | |||||||||||
| Loading efficacy (LE) | Model Lack of fit | 836.91 | 117.28 | ‹0.0001 | 0.9934 | 0.9159 | 0.9849 | |||||||||||