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. 2020 Oct 20;11:580987. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580987

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Levels of plasma cytokines and oxidative stress according to the degree of Covid-19 diseases. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed from blood samples of 20 COVID-19 patients [severe Covid-19 (sCovid-19) n = 10 and mild Covid-19 (mCovid-19) n = 10]. (A–D) No major differences in Interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were observed between (mCovid-19) and (sCovid-19). (E, F) We observed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in sCovid-19 compared to m-Covid-19 (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02). (G–I). The levels of IL-12, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were comparable between mCovid-19 and sCovid-19. (J) sCOVID-19 patients showed significantly higher circulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison to mCOVID-19 patients (p  =  0.032). Graph box and whiskers represent medians and 10th–90th percentile range. Dotted lines indicate the median levels, and solid lines indicate 10th–90th range of healthy controls (HCs) from archived material. Comparison between groups (sCovid-19 vs mCovid-19) Mann–Whitney test.