Table 6.
Factors | As daily intake (μg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | |||
Amino acids + collagen | Ref | – | – | – | – | |||
Herbal supplements | 0.04 | − 0.49 | 0.56 | 0.89 | ||||
Vitamins + minerals | − 0.46 | − 1.02 | 0.10 | 0.11 | − 0.55 | − 0.79 | − 0.31 | 0.000 |
Vitamins + minerals + herbs | 0.09 | − 0.45 | 0.63 | 0.75 | – | – | – | – |
Herbs + vitamins + minerals + fatty acids + enzymes | 0.33 | − 0.35 | 1.01 | 0.34 | – | – | – | – |
Herbs + probiotics + enzymes + fatty acids | 0.75 | 0.13 | 1.38 | 0.018 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.89 | 0.005 |
Caplet | Ref | – | – | – | – | |||
Powder/liquid | 1.69 | 1.07 | 2.32 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 1.219 | 2.075 | < 0.001 |
Tablet | 0.09 | − 0.38 | 0.57 | 0.69 | – | – | – | – |
Soft gel | 0.76 | 0.21 | 1.31 | 0.007 | 0.52 | 0.18 | 0.86 | 0.003 |
Capsule | 0.06 | − 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.81 | – | – | – | – |
Australia | Ref | – | – | – | – | |||
USA | 0.51 | − 0.12 | 1.14 | 0.11 | – | – | – | – |
India | 0.46 | − 0.25 | 1.16 | 0.20 | – | – | – | – |
EU | 0.15 | − 0.51 | 0.82 | 0.65 | – | – | – | – |
Canada | 0.52 | − 0.17 | 1.22 | 0.14 | – | – | – | – |
P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, “–-” not included in the multivariate linear regression model.
β, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval.