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. 2020 Nov 2;10:18810. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75969-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flow chart showing the study population selection. The main analyses were conducted based on 902,513 women (897,426 were used for delivery outcomes, after excluding those with intrauterine death) after excluding those with missing data on fetal gender and gestational age at birth and unreliable data on the combination of birth weight and gestational age. Sensitivity analyses were conducted based on 1,098,268 women (1,091,228 for delivery outcomes) after excluding missing data on maternal age, parity, maternal height, pre-pregnancy BMI, conception method, delivery mode, and presentation at birth.