A) Solid state manometry sensors were positioned at 10, 13, 16 and 19 cm from the ceco-colic junction (P10, P13, P16, P19), from the distal end of the proximal/ascending colon (T10, T13, T16, T19) and from the anal verge (D10, D13, D16, D19). B-C) Direct electrical stimulation of the colon tissue was performed using 5 cycles of alternating stimulation of electrodes #1 and #2 (total of 10 stimulations) at 10 Hz, 2 ms, 15 mA, 30 s ON, 60 s OFF as shown in B). D-E) The celiac branch of the abdominal vagus nerve was stimulated using hook electrodes (2 Hz, 0.3 or 4 ms, 5 mA) with or without afferent anodal block (200 Hz, 0.1 ms, 2 mA) using 5 cycles of 30 s ON and 90 s OFF.