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. 2020 Oct 20;8:571554. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571554

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Main mitochondria–ER tethering complexes. Mitochondria are bridged to the ER by several protein complexes. The ER protein VAPB, ORP5/8, or MOSPD2 interacts with the mitochondrial PTPIP51. ER resident IP3R is anchored to OMM-localized protein VDAC via the cytosolic chaperone GRP75. The ER-localized MFN2 interacts with either MFN1 or MFN2 in the mitochondria. The ER protein BAP31 interacts with the mitochondrial FIS1. The ER chaperone GRP78, the cytosolic protein WASF3, and the IMM-localized ATAD3A form a tethering complex. The IP3R2 located on the ER partners with the mitochondrial protein FUNDC1.VAPB, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B; ORP, oxysterol-binding protein-related protein; MOSPD2, motile sperm domain-containing protein 2; PTPIP51, tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51; IP3R, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor; VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel; GRP75, glucose regulated protein 75; MFN, mitofusin; BAP31, B cell receptor-associated protein 31; FIS1, mitochondrial fission 1; GRP78, glucose regulated protein 78; WASF3, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3; ATAD3A, ATPase family AAA domain containing 3A; FUNDC1, FUN14 domain-containing protein 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; MAM, mitochondria associated membranes; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane.