Table 1.
Descriptors of object drug cohorts examining unintentional traumatic injury
| Object drug cohort | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codeine | Fentanyl | Hydrocod. | Hydromor. | Levorph. | Meperidine | Methadone | Morphine | Oxycodone | Oxymorph. | Tapentadol | Tramadol | ||
| Persons | 6,065 | 1,435 | 25,019 | 828 | 2 | 248 | 439 | 1,612 | 10,826 | 224 | 163 | 12,650 | |
| Days of observation, median (Q1-Q3) per episode | 10.0(6.0-19.0) | 33.0(16.0-57.0) | 12.0(7.0-27.0) | 13.0(7.0-31.0) | 26.5(19.0-34.0) | 9.0(5.0-13.0) | 50.0(24.0-145.0 | 35.0(16.0-72.0) | 13.0(7.0-37.0) | 38.5(22.0-152.5) | 24.5(10.5-37.0) | 19.0(10.0-37.0) | |
| Days of observation, sum | 130,951 | 95,350 | 1,066,507 | 32,251 | 53 | 7,656 | 52,699 | 152,303 | 641,103 | 28,640 | 10,075 | 574,007 | |
| Unintentional traumatic injuries, sum | 7,790 | 1,894 | 33,567 | 1,023 | 2 | 293 | 644 | 2,082 | 14,071 | 299 | 284 | 17,385 | |
| Demographics | |||||||||||||
| Age in years, median (Q1-Q3) | 54.5(40.5-72.6) | 73.8(60.0-80.2) | 59.2(44.2-75.4) | 60.7(50.0-72.7) | 75.0(71.9-78.1) | 52.2(40.4-62.8) | 59.2(48.4-70.6) | 67.1(55.0-77.7) | 60.2(46.8-73.6) | 58.2(50.5-67.6) | 57.2(48.7-69.1) | 71.1(55.2-80.9) | |
| Sex, sum (%) female | 3,801(62.7) | 987(68.8) | 14,48(57.9) | 512(61.8) | 1(50.0) | 165(66.5) | 244(55.6) | 969(60.1) | 6,199(57.3) | 129(57.6) | 108(66.3) | 8,535(67.5) | |
| Race, sum (%) | Caucasian | 4,159(68.6) | 1,081(75.3) | 17,707(70.8) | 619(74.8) | 2(100.0) | 172(69.4) | 308(70.2) | 1,242(77.0) | 7,722(71.3) | 168(75.0) | 128(78.5) | 8,938(70.7) |
| African American | 471(7.8) | 110(7.7) | 2,206(8.8) | 69(8.3) | 0(0.0) | 21(8.5) | 43(9.8) | 122(7.6) | 1,047(9.7) | 27(12.1) | 12(7.4) | 1,439(11.4) | |
| Hispanic | 536(8.8) | 84(5.9) | 1,901(7.6) | 49(5.9) | 0(0.0) | 10(4.0) | 26(5.9) | 90(5.6) | 691(6.4) | 7(3.1) | 8(4.9) | 1,098(8.7) | |
| Asian | 172(2.8) | 16(1.1) | 381(1.5) | 13(1.6) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.4) | 8(1.8) | 21(1.3) | 145(1.3) | 1(0.4) | 3(1.8) | 182(1.4) | |
| Unknown | 727(12.0) | 144(10.0) | 2,824(11.3) | 78(9.4) | 0(0.0) | 44(17.7) | 54(12.3) | 13(8.5) | 1,221(11.3) | 21(9.4) | 12(7.4) | 993(7.8) | |
| Geographic division, sum (%) | East North Central | 320(5.3) | 80(5.6) | 820(3.3) | 48(5.8) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.4) | 19(4.3) | 85(5.3) | 533(4.9) | 8(3.6) | 2(1.2) | 568(4.5) |
| East South Central | 328(5.4) | 80(5.6) | 844(3.4) | 54(6.5) | 1(50.0) | 3(1.2) | 23(5.2) | 81(5.0) | 734(6.8) | 13(5.8) | 16(9.8) | 646(5.1) | |
| Middle Atlantic | 1,138(18.8) | 255(17.8) | 4,049(16.2) | 82(9.9) | 1(50.0) | 13(5.2) | 48(10.9) | 201(12.5) | 1,503(13.9) | 31(13.8) | 19(11.7) | 1,974(15.6) | |
| Mountain | 759(12.5) | 165(11.5) | 2,183(8.7) | 56(6.8) | 0(0.0) | 13(5.2) | 36(8.2) | 122(7.6) | 879(8.1) | 9(4.0) | 6(3.7) | 1,098(8.7) | |
| New England | 1,111(18.3) | 305(21.3) | 5,660(22.6) | 265(32.0) | 0(0.0) | 104(41.9) | 112(25.5) | 413(25.6) | 3,377(31.2) | 85(37.9) | 81(49.7) | 3,489(27.6) | |
| Pacific | 183(3.0) | 88(6.1) | 1,336(5.3) | 22(2.7) | 0(0.0) | 36(14.5) | 46(10.5) | 97(6.0) | 540(5.0) | 22(9.8) | 6(3.7) | 613(4.8) | |
| South Atlantic | 606(10.0) | 151(10.5) | 3,713(14.8) | 51(6.2) | 0(0.0) | 44(17.7) | 44(10.0) | 146(9.1) | 507(4.7) | 20(8.9) | 10(6.1) | 1,783(14.1) | |
| West North Central | 595(9.8) | 141(9.8) | 2,684(10.7) | 128(15.5) | 0(0.0) | 26(10.5) | 49(11.2) | 245(15.2) | 1,563(14.4) | 28(12.5) | 12(7.4) | 1,341(10.6) | |
| West South Central | 999(16.5) | 167(11.6) | 3,569(14.3) | 120(14.5) | 0(0.0) | 8(3.2) | 58(13.2) | 214(13.3) | 1,137(10.5) | 6(2.7) | 11(6.7) | 1,086(8.6) | |
| Unknown | 26(0.4) | 3(0.2) | 161(0.6) | 2(0.2) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(0.9) | 8(0.5) | 53(0.5) | 2(0.9) | 0(0.0) | 52(0.4) | |
| Time-varying covariates | |||||||||||||
| Object drug average daily dose (Q1-Q3), median, in MME | 9.0(4.5-18.0) | 60.0(60.0-120) | 22.5(15.0-32.1) | 64.0(48.0-96.0) | 65.2(44.0-65.2) | 20.0(10.0-30.0) | 240(80.0-600) | 60.0(43.5-120) | 60.0(30.0-90.0) | 120(60.0-180) | 80.0(60.0-120) | 15.0(10.0-20.0) | |
| Unintentional traumatic injury, ever prior,* person-days (%) | 93,889(71.7) | 75,649(79.3) | 774,045(72.6) | 26,384(81.8) | 53(100.0) | 3,759(49.1) | 41,364(78.5) | 119,191(78.3) | 485,679(75.8) | 23,681(82.7) | 8,957(88.9) | 425,268(74.1) | |
hydrocod. = hydrocodone; hydromor. = hydromorphone; levorph. = levorphanol; MME = morphine milligram equivalents; oxymorph. = oxymorphone; Q = quartile
*
diagnosis (any position, any claim type) ever prior to the day of observation